{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409641264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3558147","title":"Tailoring Energy Efficiency for Urban Electric Buses: The GTECM Model for Enhanced Range and Sustainable Operation Using Real-Time Big Data","display_name":"Tailoring Energy Efficiency for Urban Electric Buses: The GTECM Model for Enhanced Range and Sustainable Operation Using Real-Time Big Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409641264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3558147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3558147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3558147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017085334","display_name":"Yunus Emre Ekici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunus Emre Ekici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Vehicle Technologies, OIZ Vocational College, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-0473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Vehicle Technologies, OIZ Vocational College, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048892120","display_name":"Teoman Karada\u011f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-7771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teoman Karada\u011f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Electronic Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-7771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Electronic Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080704968","display_name":"Ozan Akda\u011f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110665","display_name":"Malatya Turgut \u00d6zal \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2xem26","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110665"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozan Akda\u011f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Malatya Turgut &#x00D6;zal University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Malatya Turgut &#x00D6;zal University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019964453","display_name":"Ahmet Arif Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Arif Aydin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-7275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064221166","display_name":"H.O. Tek\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-3488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00fcseyin Ozan Tekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-3488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017085334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90674164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"8","first_page":"12600","last_page":"12614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9251000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6044910550117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-energy","display_name":"Sustainable energy","score":0.5781207084655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.44183436036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44106775522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43946024775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.42534297704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.35635656118392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33081376552581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.329847127199173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30177101492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.25196683406829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.1696171760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.13438427448272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12610912322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08782637119293213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6044910550117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982926626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Sustainable energy","level":3,"score":0.5781207084655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44183436036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44106775522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43946024775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.42534297704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.35635656118392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33081376552581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.329847127199173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30177101492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25196683406829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.1696171760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.13438427448272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12610912322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08782637119293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3558147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3558147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W392032553","https://openalex.org/W1601661204","https://openalex.org/W1964510185","https://openalex.org/W2016087887","https://openalex.org/W2032033817","https://openalex.org/W2048017706","https://openalex.org/W2063074117","https://openalex.org/W2068861301","https://openalex.org/W2072572923","https://openalex.org/W2105299332","https://openalex.org/W2107360857","https://openalex.org/W2139995270","https://openalex.org/W2166484402","https://openalex.org/W2183715205","https://openalex.org/W2393145442","https://openalex.org/W2511507983","https://openalex.org/W2605935231","https://openalex.org/W2613389393","https://openalex.org/W2759609901","https://openalex.org/W2781966338","https://openalex.org/W2782285000","https://openalex.org/W2796379873","https://openalex.org/W2914011715","https://openalex.org/W2915615223","https://openalex.org/W2933865016","https://openalex.org/W2936631513","https://openalex.org/W2954407588","https://openalex.org/W2985536428","https://openalex.org/W2990884906","https://openalex.org/W2997890198","https://openalex.org/W3000699112","https://openalex.org/W3001072891","https://openalex.org/W3006185976","https://openalex.org/W3021005717","https://openalex.org/W3024220329","https://openalex.org/W3083353914","https://openalex.org/W3106802455","https://openalex.org/W3123566789","https://openalex.org/W3129045997","https://openalex.org/W3134996088","https://openalex.org/W3135347181","https://openalex.org/W3138573286","https://openalex.org/W3158269896","https://openalex.org/W3163798297","https://openalex.org/W3188457641","https://openalex.org/W3197915898","https://openalex.org/W3206461806","https://openalex.org/W4205696252","https://openalex.org/W4205850166","https://openalex.org/W4211041802","https://openalex.org/W4283389764","https://openalex.org/W4283775255","https://openalex.org/W4301374019","https://openalex.org/W4307646810","https://openalex.org/W4307793395","https://openalex.org/W4353070319","https://openalex.org/W4382238724","https://openalex.org/W4383068847","https://openalex.org/W4386170857","https://openalex.org/W4386824959","https://openalex.org/W4391718430","https://openalex.org/W4391845230","https://openalex.org/W4394699008","https://openalex.org/W4405567833","https://openalex.org/W6684311518","https://openalex.org/W6737160494","https://openalex.org/W6757833163","https://openalex.org/W6763512637","https://openalex.org/W6789044141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249307902","https://openalex.org/W2049400599","https://openalex.org/W4280490906","https://openalex.org/W2909635153","https://openalex.org/W590383186","https://openalex.org/W2978854845","https://openalex.org/W2348284164","https://openalex.org/W2501719106","https://openalex.org/W2993797767","https://openalex.org/W164238414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,178],"increasing":[1,11],"depletion":[2],"of":[3,101,126,143,150,180,200],"fossil":[4],"fuels":[5],"and":[6,17,43,70,118,147,190,194,203],"growing":[7],"environmental":[8],"concerns":[9],"are":[10],"the":[12,52,157,181,185,198],"need":[13],"for":[14,59,161,173,187],"energy":[15,44,72,124],"efficient":[16,202],"sustainable":[18,174,204],"solutions,":[19],"particularly":[20],"in":[21,27,91,134,197],"transport.":[22],"At":[23],"this":[24],"point,":[25],"especially":[26],"public":[28],"transport,":[29],"electric":[30,60],"vehicles":[31],"(EVs)":[32],"offer":[33],"a":[34,81,131],"promising":[35],"alternative;":[36],"however,":[37],"issues":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"range":[41,68],"anxiety":[42,69],"efficiency":[45],"require":[46],"comprehensive":[47],"solutions.":[48],"This":[49,74],"study":[50,182],"introduces":[51],"Gauss-based":[53],"Trolleybus":[54],"Energy":[55],"Consumption":[56],"Model":[57],"(GTECM)":[58],"buses,":[61],"harnessing":[62],"real-time":[63],"big":[64],"data":[65],"to":[66,80,128],"mitigate":[67],"enhance":[71],"efficiency.":[73],"model":[75],"employs":[76],"Gaussian":[77],"Process":[78],"Regression":[79],"large-scale":[82],"dataset":[83],"including":[84],"100,000":[85],"entries":[86],"collected":[87],"over":[88],"six":[89],"months":[90],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[92],"With":[93],"an":[94,139],"overall":[95],"Root":[96],"Mean":[97],"Square":[98],"Error":[99],"(RMSE)":[100],"0.013905,":[102],"GTECM":[103],"substantially":[104],"outperforms":[105],"linear":[106],"approaches":[107],"across":[108],"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s":[109],"primary":[110],"routes,":[111],"exhibiting":[112],"route-specific":[113],"RMSE":[114],"values":[115],"between":[116],"0.28117":[117],"0.30540.":[119],"Empirical":[120],"findings":[121,179],"suggest":[122],"potential":[123],"savings":[125],"up":[127],"50%,":[129],"alongside":[130],"10%":[132],"extension":[133],"driving":[135],"range,":[136],"thereby":[137],"mitigating":[138],"estimated":[140],"4,220":[141],"tons":[142,149],"CO<sub":[144],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[145,152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[146,153],"129.88":[148],"NO<sub":[151],"emissions":[154],"annually.":[155],"Moreover,":[156],"projected":[158],"amortization":[159],"period":[160],"diesel-to-electric":[162],"bus":[163],"conversion":[164],"stands":[165],"at":[166],"6.83":[167],"years,":[168],"underscoring":[169],"GTECM\u2019s":[170],"pragmatic":[171],"utility":[172],"urban":[175,195],"transit":[176],"optimization.":[177],"can":[183],"form":[184],"basis":[186],"future":[188],"research":[189],"guide":[191],"policy":[192],"makers":[193],"planners":[196],"development":[199],"more":[201],"transport":[205],"networks.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-04-22T00:00:00"}
