{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409233650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3557125","title":"Causal Confusion in Pedestrian Crossing Intention Prediction for Autonomous Vehicles: The Role of Ego-Vehicle Speed","display_name":"Causal Confusion in Pedestrian Crossing Intention Prediction for Autonomous Vehicles: The Role of Ego-Vehicle Speed","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409233650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3557125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3557125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3557125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086908355","display_name":"Haoqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7330-4230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004658466","display_name":"Jianxiang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613442","display_name":"Yadong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-3944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030633869","display_name":"Zhiyong Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074935","display_name":"Dewen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-0053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086908355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06145223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"8","first_page":"12224","last_page":"12237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.7796027660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7783318758010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id-ego-and-super-ego","display_name":"Id, ego and super-ego","score":0.5738017559051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42214030027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-crossing","display_name":"Pedestrian crossing","score":0.4115048348903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39694949984550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35051387548446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3482385277748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3434655964374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.18552154302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","score":0.09984248876571655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.7796027660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7783318758010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9180747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486893","display_name":"Id, ego and super-ego","level":2,"score":0.5738017559051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42214030027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777819797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8010","display_name":"Pedestrian crossing","level":3,"score":0.4115048348903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39694949984550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35051387548446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3482385277748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3434655964374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18552154302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.09984248876571655}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3557125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3557125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7040227642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327808","funder_display_name":"Yunnan Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G857140966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327808","display_name":"Yunnan Key Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1889166743","https://openalex.org/W1923404803","https://openalex.org/W1950788856","https://openalex.org/W2508601417","https://openalex.org/W2550143307","https://openalex.org/W2769735038","https://openalex.org/W2771583656","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2947630374","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2991484432","https://openalex.org/W3034369739","https://openalex.org/W3119170582","https://openalex.org/W3119361198","https://openalex.org/W3129163909","https://openalex.org/W3135588948","https://openalex.org/W3166395208","https://openalex.org/W3198892835","https://openalex.org/W4225863254","https://openalex.org/W4232533539","https://openalex.org/W4238724377","https://openalex.org/W4285105848","https://openalex.org/W4312799843","https://openalex.org/W4317038476","https://openalex.org/W4318963850","https://openalex.org/W4383066546","https://openalex.org/W4385805055","https://openalex.org/W4386590862","https://openalex.org/W4386918877","https://openalex.org/W4388936581","https://openalex.org/W4390534442","https://openalex.org/W4395027643","https://openalex.org/W4400770903","https://openalex.org/W6776598532","https://openalex.org/W6795091576","https://openalex.org/W6861561259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W187110833","https://openalex.org/W2905794575","https://openalex.org/W122740207","https://openalex.org/W4388221821","https://openalex.org/W650967530","https://openalex.org/W4390813505","https://openalex.org/W1969216335","https://openalex.org/W1486225309","https://openalex.org/W3172487415","https://openalex.org/W3165055438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0],"crossing":[1,28,66,95,225],"intention":[2,29,67,226],"prediction":[3,137,195,227],"is":[4,19,68],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,161],"autonomous":[7,237],"vehicles":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,20,32,77,125,178,198,232],"their":[11],"inherent":[12],"inertia,":[13],"yet":[14],"challenging.":[15],"The":[16,58,102],"prevailing":[17],"practice":[18],"leverage":[21],"multi-modal":[22,200],"data":[23],"that":[24,149],"correlate":[25],"with":[26,35],"pedestrian":[27,65,94],"as":[30,132,154],"input":[31,133],"infer":[33],"it,":[34],"ego-vehicle":[36,62,91,130,171,184],"speed":[37,63,92,131,185],"being":[38],"a":[39,45,78,87,126,146,222],"commonly":[40],"used":[41],"modality.":[42],"However,":[43],"from":[44],"causal":[46,59,108,115],"perspective,":[47],"we":[48,140],"identify":[49,179],"two":[50,107],"critical":[51,213],"issues":[52,123,214],"overlooked":[53,215],"by":[54,216],"existing":[55,218],"methods:":[56],"1)":[57],"relationship":[60],"between":[61,90],"and":[64,73,93,100,180,207,220],"inconsistent":[69],"across":[70],"the":[71,82,119,167,189,233],"training":[72,177],"testing":[74],"phases,":[75],"leading":[76],"distribution":[79,104,120],"shift":[80],"in":[81,110,114],"data;":[83],"2)":[84],"There":[85],"exists":[86],"bidirectional":[88],"causality":[89,99],"intention,":[96],"comprising":[97],"forward":[98],"anti-causality.":[101],"imbalanced":[103],"of":[105,235],"these":[106],"directions":[109],"natural":[111],"datasets":[112],"results":[113],"confusion,":[116],"further":[117],"exacerbating":[118],"shift.":[121],"These":[122],"lead":[124],"counter-intuitive":[127],"hypothesis:":[128],"removing":[129],"can":[134],"actually":[135],"benefit":[136],"performance.":[138],"Therefore,":[139],"propose":[141],"LIM":[142,156,174,192],"(Less":[143],"Is":[144],"More),":[145],"uni-modal":[147],"model":[148],"utilizes":[150],"only":[151],"skeleton":[152,163,190],"sequences":[153],"input.":[155],"features":[157],"specially":[158],"designed":[159],"modules":[160],"efficient":[162],"sequence":[164],"processing,":[165],"eliminating":[166],"reliance":[168],"on":[169],"unstable":[170],"speed.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"employs":[175],"adversarial":[176],"remove":[181],"any":[182],"latent":[183],"information":[186],"embedded":[187],"within":[188],"sequences.":[191],"achieves":[193],"competitive":[194],"performance":[196],"compared":[197],"state-of-the-art":[199],"models":[201],"while":[202],"offering":[203],"superior":[204],"real-time":[205],"capabilities":[206],"lower":[208],"computational":[209],"costs.":[210],"By":[211],"revealing":[212],"most":[217],"work":[219,230],"providing":[221],"more":[223],"robust":[224],"model,":[228],"our":[229],"contributes":[231],"development":[234],"safer":[236],"vehicles.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}