{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409225570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3554781","title":"Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409225570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3554781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3554781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3554781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017442556","display_name":"Shanliang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-3598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanliang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yancheng Institute Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-3598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yancheng Institute Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079695819","display_name":"Runwei Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-2107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runwei Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence and the Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-2107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence and the Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074048500","display_name":"Zitian Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zitian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032222549","display_name":"Chenhang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-3568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109663943","display_name":"Yilu Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069969191","display_name":"Weiping Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033755146","display_name":"Eng Gee Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-7386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Gee Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-7386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090256693","display_name":"Yong Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006430332","display_name":"Hyungjoon Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungjoon Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075116069","display_name":"Ka Lok Man","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-4716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka Lok Man","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-4716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684025","display_name":"Jieming Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-1718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieming Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-1718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059827048","display_name":"Xiaohui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-5442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-5442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052861384","display_name":"Yutao Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutao Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","Thrust of Artificial Intelligence and the Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-0924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence and the Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.4806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9978591,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"7401","last_page":"7425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9046000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5615864992141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5257050395011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3672383725643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36618882417678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33299338817596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24364367127418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2402741014957428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5615864992141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5257050395011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3672383725643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36618882417678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33299338817596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24364367127418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2402741014957428}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3554781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3554781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5429865375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SZS2022004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330424","funder_display_name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Multimedia Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322214","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330424","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Multimedia Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":252,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516217991","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1935978687","https://openalex.org/W1995440061","https://openalex.org/W2002582936","https://openalex.org/W2026464713","https://openalex.org/W2047129912","https://openalex.org/W2065579036","https://openalex.org/W2111051539","https://openalex.org/W2114810571","https://openalex.org/W2114838992","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2119840942","https://openalex.org/W2140515654","https://openalex.org/W2156019871","https://openalex.org/W2156650489","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2291868099","https://openalex.org/W2327992289","https://openalex.org/W2420128470","https://openalex.org/W2475771804","https://openalex.org/W2491151330","https://openalex.org/W2510065745","https://openalex.org/W2514360426","https://openalex.org/W2565432962","https://openalex.org/W2741069557","https://openalex.org/W2769312834","https://openalex.org/W2774756930","https://openalex.org/W2793232546","https://openalex.org/W2795093342","https://openalex.org/W2796574722","https://openalex.org/W2806340142","https://openalex.org/W2808030156","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2888206354","https://openalex.org/W2888319965","https://openalex.org/W2888949514","https://openalex.org/W2891278391","https://openalex.org/W2891649842","https://openalex.org/W2892272844","https://openalex.org/W2895056134","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2914676326","https://openalex.org/W2918081749","https://openalex.org/W2939308603","https://openalex.org/W2939779919","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2949835151","https://openalex.org/W2953842422","https://openalex.org/W2954377489","https://openalex.org/W2962764444","https://openalex.org/W2963591222","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963873033","https://openalex.org/W2963896595","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2967098543","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2970475272","https://openalex.org/W2972356219","https://openalex.org/W2973083596","https://openalex.org/W2974922121","https://openalex.org/W2989940015","https://openalex.org/W2990710319","https://openalex.org/W2992756490","https://openalex.org/W2994788716","https://openalex.org/W2995201943","https://openalex.org/W2996476754","https://openalex.org/W2997719963","https://openalex.org/W2998614245","https://openalex.org/W2999423154","https://openalex.org/W3005673329","https://openalex.org/W3008004779","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3023871710","https://openalex.org/W3034209352","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3034543232","https://openalex.org/W3034831589","https://openalex.org/W3035569175","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3035708560","https://openalex.org/W3036394006","https://openalex.org/W3036962712","https://openalex.org/W3083528975","https://openalex.org/W3085981137","https://openalex.org/W3089460579","https://openalex.org/W3090139470","https://openalex.org/W3091337047","https://openalex.org/W3094485066","https://openalex.org/W3094632837","https://openalex.org/W3097947358","https://openalex.org/W3105073457","https://openalex.org/W3111259647","https://openalex.org/W3113392151","https://openalex.org/W3116028392","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3120148904","https://openalex.org/W3120351402","https://openalex.org/W3128655704","https://openalex.org/W3129179166","https://openalex.org/W3129258287","https://openalex.org/W3129817624","https://openalex.org/W3130190409","https://openalex.org/W3131871877","https://openalex.org/W3132343383","https://openalex.org/W3133123079","https://openalex.org/W3134964108","https://openalex.org/W3135204376","https://openalex.org/W3135437426","https://openalex.org/W3137763535","https://openalex.org/W3142927872","https://openalex.org/W3145339767","https://openalex.org/W3150907257","https://openalex.org/W3158378210","https://openalex.org/W3159817651","https://openalex.org/W3161421216","https://openalex.org/W3163790949","https://openalex.org/W3163894312","https://openalex.org/W3167214600","https://openalex.org/W3168472259","https://openalex.org/W3169893408","https://openalex.org/W3171843835","https://openalex.org/W3173916380","https://openalex.org/W3174021209","https://openalex.org/W3176740453","https://openalex.org/W3177334024","https://openalex.org/W3180629550","https://openalex.org/W3200188174","https://openalex.org/W3200808116","https://openalex.org/W3203848598","https://openalex.org/W3204885083","https://openalex.org/W3206598848","https://openalex.org/W3208676438","https://openalex.org/W3208941688","https://openalex.org/W3210139285","https://openalex.org/W3210161040","https://openalex.org/W3210501361","https://openalex.org/W3210569340","https://openalex.org/W3211319621","https://openalex.org/W3211425599","https://openalex.org/W3211474784","https://openalex.org/W3212045733","https://openalex.org/W3212616108","https://openalex.org/W3212923483","https://openalex.org/W3216606786","https://openalex.org/W4200026394","https://openalex.org/W4200506490","https://openalex.org/W4206090311","https://openalex.org/W4206694330","https://openalex.org/W4210674219","https://openalex.org/W4213081985","https://openalex.org/W4213084171","https://openalex.org/W4214561781","https://openalex.org/W4214736753","https://openalex.org/W4214881827","https://openalex.org/W4221161772","https://openalex.org/W4225417755","https://openalex.org/W4225716276","https://openalex.org/W4225912794","https://openalex.org/W4226345352","https://openalex.org/W4226377196","https://openalex.org/W4230808100","https://openalex.org/W4256268561","https://openalex.org/W4281821179","https://openalex.org/W4283380146","https://openalex.org/W4284969761","https://openalex.org/W4285275082","https://openalex.org/W4285275101","https://openalex.org/W4286285585","https://openalex.org/W4287887906","https://openalex.org/W4288081220","https://openalex.org/W4293149318","https://openalex.org/W4293150172","https://openalex.org/W4296705505","https://openalex.org/W4308080016","https://openalex.org/W4308080461","https://openalex.org/W4309794375","https://openalex.org/W4312336128","https://openalex.org/W4312811864","https://openalex.org/W4312851086","https://openalex.org/W4312890534","https://openalex.org/W4313028649","https://openalex.org/W4313598715","https://openalex.org/W4320002769","https://openalex.org/W4321487946","https://openalex.org/W4323896859","https://openalex.org/W4324290418","https://openalex.org/W4327692895","https://openalex.org/W4366688033","https://openalex.org/W4372266770","https://openalex.org/W4378696925","https://openalex.org/W4379409437","https://openalex.org/W4382469124","https://openalex.org/W4383097531","https://openalex.org/W4383097602","https://openalex.org/W4383108631","https://openalex.org/W4385302159","https://openalex.org/W4385323544","https://openalex.org/W4385453382","https://openalex.org/W4385521775","https://openalex.org/W4385800972","https://openalex.org/W4386065453","https://openalex.org/W4386066534","https://openalex.org/W4386075762","https://openalex.org/W4386076226","https://openalex.org/W4386076457","https://openalex.org/W4386083035","https://openalex.org/W4386363053","https://openalex.org/W4386472944","https://openalex.org/W4387245323","https://openalex.org/W4387415261","https://openalex.org/W4387448642","https://openalex.org/W4387963836","https://openalex.org/W4388209234","https://openalex.org/W4389776357","https://openalex.org/W4390190298","https://openalex.org/W4390872227","https://openalex.org/W4390873564","https://openalex.org/W4391768470","https://openalex.org/W4391770072","https://openalex.org/W4394593117","https://openalex.org/W4399666096","https://openalex.org/W4400035744","https://openalex.org/W4400645640","https://openalex.org/W4401417266","https://openalex.org/W4401878935","https://openalex.org/W4403998395","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6771471907","https://openalex.org/W6771922894","https://openalex.org/W6797210932","https://openalex.org/W6845720290","https://openalex.org/W6846947279","https://openalex.org/W6851052706","https://openalex.org/W6852775642","https://openalex.org/W6853124194","https://openalex.org/W6855096340","https://openalex.org/W6855563970","https://openalex.org/W6856127847","https://openalex.org/W6856721533","https://openalex.org/W6856875198","https://openalex.org/W6857504694","https://openalex.org/W6859326814","https://openalex.org/W6859336203","https://openalex.org/W6871375589","https://openalex.org/W6875200323","https://openalex.org/W6887867171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,64,69,74,90,98,116,126],"rapid":[2],"advancements":[3],"of":[4,68,77,83,93,166],"sensor":[5,33,71],"technology":[6],"and":[7,16,66,80,107,121,133,164,171],"deep":[8],"learning,":[9],"autonomous":[10,58,152],"driving":[11,59],"systems":[12],"are":[13],"providing":[14,39,155],"safe":[15],"efficient":[17],"access":[18],"to":[19],"intelligent":[20,25],"vehicles":[21],"as":[22,24],"well":[23],"transportation.":[26],"Among":[27],"these":[28,130,149],"equipped":[29],"sensors,":[30],"radar":[32,53,70,78,84,95,101,112,158],"plays":[34],"a":[35],"crucial":[36],"role":[37],"in":[38,43,57,129],"robust":[40],"perception":[41,79,159],"information":[42],"diverse":[44],"environmental":[45],"conditions.":[46],"This":[47],"review":[48,142],"focuses":[49],"on":[50],"exploring":[51],"different":[52,167],"data":[54,131,168],"representations":[55,132,150],"utilized":[56],"systems.":[60],"Firstly,":[61],"we":[62,87,114,124,173],"introduce":[63],"capabilities":[65],"limitations":[67],"by":[72],"examining":[73],"working":[75],"principles":[76],"signal":[81],"processing":[82],"measurements.":[85],"Then,":[86],"delve":[88],"into":[89,147],"generation":[91],"process":[92],"five":[94],"representations,":[96,169],"including":[97],"ADC":[99],"signal,":[100],"tensor,":[102],"point":[103],"cloud,":[104],"grid":[105],"map,":[106],"micro-Doppler":[108],"signature.":[109],"For":[110],"each":[111],"representation,":[113],"examine":[115],"related":[117],"datasets,":[118],"methods,":[119,172],"advantages":[120],"limitations.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"discuss":[125],"challenges":[127],"faced":[128],"propose":[134],"potential":[135],"research":[136],"directions.":[137],"Above":[138],"all,":[139],"this":[140],"comprehensive":[141],"offers":[143],"an":[144,175],"in-depth":[145],"insight":[146],"how":[148],"enhance":[151],"system":[153],"capabilities,":[154],"guidance":[156],"for":[157],"researchers.":[160],"To":[161],"facilitate":[162],"retrieval":[163],"comparison":[165],"datasets":[170],"provide":[174],"interactive":[176],"website":[177],"at":[178],"https://radar-camera-fusion.github.io/radar.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
