{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408564180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3547999","title":"An Ensemble-Based Hybrid Model for the Detection of Attacks in the Internet of Vehicular Things","display_name":"An Ensemble-Based Hybrid Model for the Detection of Attacks in the Internet of Vehicular Things","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408564180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3547999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3547999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3547999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042119018","display_name":"Inam Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-569X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inam Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering and the College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-569X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering and the College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021673248","display_name":"Irshad Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-6779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irshad Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066846708","display_name":"Xiaoshan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-5571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering and the National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-5571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering and the National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005877741","display_name":"Sahil Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montr&#x00E9;al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-608X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montr&#x00E9;al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037865550","display_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042119018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98554679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"17914","last_page":"17927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6254792213439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6183414459228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45375606417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4491262435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3329044282436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16871404647827148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6254792213439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6183414459228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45375606417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4491262435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3329044282436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16871404647827148}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3547999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3547999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:30746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Non \u00e9valu\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2081869722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G458120693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7521923492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,185],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,21,27,44,54,117,172,201,209,232],"Vehicles":[3],"(IoV)":[4],"enables":[5],"technology":[6,29],"that":[7,160,220],"allows":[8],"IoV":[9,15,28,66,92,166],"and":[10,34,46,61,100,129,183,203,205,211,224],"vehicles":[11],"to":[12,41,50,77,143,155],"connect":[13],"everything.":[14],"has":[16,30],"become":[17],"an":[18,104,118,157,196,206],"essential":[19],"component":[20],"modern":[22],"life.":[23],"This":[24],"exponential":[25],"growth":[26],"introduced":[31],"significant":[32],"security":[33],"privacy":[35],"issues,":[36],"which":[37],"pose":[38],"potential":[39],"threats":[40,49],"different":[42,48,152],"types":[43],"attacks":[45,64,90,146,164],"cause":[47],"the":[51,170,173,192,229,233],"normal":[52],"operation":[53],"vehicles.":[55],"To":[56,96,168],"prevent":[57],"intelligent":[58],"vehicle":[59],"accidents":[60],"identify":[62],"malicious":[63],"within":[65],"networks,":[67],"various":[68,145],"researchers":[69],"have":[70,150,177],"focused":[71],"on":[72,122],"machine":[73],"learning":[74,110],"(ML)-based":[75],"methods":[76],"detect":[78,144,163],"attacks.":[79],"Intrusion":[80],"detection":[81,101,106,199],"systems":[82],"(IDS)":[83],"are":[84],"a":[85,112,139],"prominent":[86],"solution":[87],"for":[88,214],"cyber":[89],"in":[91,134,147,165],"using":[93,108],"ensemble":[94,109],"learning.":[95],"achieve":[97],"higher":[98],"accuracy":[99,200],"rate,":[102],"designing":[103],"improved":[105],"framework":[107],"is":[111],"challenging":[113],"task.":[114],"design":[116],"ensemble-based":[119],"IDS":[120],"depends":[121],"two":[123,179],"main":[124],"challenges:":[125],"selecting":[126],"base":[127],"classifiers":[128],"their":[130],"combination":[131],"methods.":[132],"Therefore,":[133],"this":[135],"study,":[136],"we":[137,176],"propose":[138],"hybrid":[140],"ML":[141,153],"model":[142],"IoV.":[148],"We":[149],"used":[151,178],"algorithms":[154],"develop":[156],"enhanced":[158],"algorithm":[159,187],"can":[161],"efficiently":[162],"networks.":[167],"evaluate":[169],"performance":[171,190,193,218],"proposed":[174,186,234],"system,":[175],"well-known":[180],"datasets,":[181],"(CIC-IDS2017)":[182],"(UNSW-NB15).":[184],"shows":[188],"outstanding":[189],"from":[191],"results,":[194],"with":[195],"average":[197],"attack":[198],"99.75%":[202],"100%":[204],"F1":[207,225],"score":[208,226],"99.74%":[210],"100%,":[212],"respectively,":[213],"both":[215],"datasets.":[216],"Further":[217],"scores,":[219],"is,":[221],"recall,":[222],"precision,":[223],"metrics,":[227],"validate":[228],"exceptional":[230],"effectiveness":[231],"framework.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
