{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406857006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3530861","title":"An Enhanced 3D Sensor Deployment Method for Intelligent Cooperative Sensing in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"An Enhanced 3D Sensor Deployment Method for Intelligent Cooperative Sensing in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406857006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3530861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3530861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3530861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012527216","display_name":"Pincan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-5016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pincan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015340798","display_name":"Changle Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changle Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045398354","display_name":"Yuchuan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-9161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchuan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012527216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":51.0632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9972938,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"5236","last_page":"5250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.8215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.8215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.8162000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8098523020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5625156760215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5222007632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4261068105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40338990092277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32044923305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20152363181114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.14044523239135742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8098523020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625156760215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5222007632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4261068105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40338990092277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32044923305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20152363181114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.14044523239135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3530861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3530861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2114061152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023KXJ-116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336612","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Harbin"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5485689011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336612","display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Harbin","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979295086","https://openalex.org/W2015421054","https://openalex.org/W2921236134","https://openalex.org/W2942273991","https://openalex.org/W2964034232","https://openalex.org/W2997478763","https://openalex.org/W3041176344","https://openalex.org/W3090282921","https://openalex.org/W3094327350","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3174718176","https://openalex.org/W3178616763","https://openalex.org/W4226325719","https://openalex.org/W4287887776","https://openalex.org/W4292862193","https://openalex.org/W4293197631","https://openalex.org/W4296473290","https://openalex.org/W4312709958","https://openalex.org/W4312815163","https://openalex.org/W4315630278","https://openalex.org/W4324312897","https://openalex.org/W4380303610","https://openalex.org/W4382203389","https://openalex.org/W4382999366","https://openalex.org/W4388097933","https://openalex.org/W4388191522","https://openalex.org/W4389372008","https://openalex.org/W4401351601","https://openalex.org/W4403976986","https://openalex.org/W4405741840","https://openalex.org/W4406348806","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6780559895","https://openalex.org/W6785204124","https://openalex.org/W6796289742","https://openalex.org/W6838931476","https://openalex.org/W6864769413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2079312091","https://openalex.org/W141508452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"heterogeneous":[1],"driving":[2,39,177],"scenarios":[3],"and":[4,10,49,94,116,125,179],"complex":[5],"traffic":[6],"conditions":[7,178],"challenge":[8,212],"connected":[9],"autonomous":[11],"vehicles":[12,28],"(CAVs)":[13],"to":[14,42,46,65,89,102,132,145,171,190,204,209,222],"achieve":[15],"accurate":[16],"sensing":[17,25,69,92,97,223,241],"of":[18,27,52,71,106,149,152,163,175,194,213,219,230,240],"road":[19,79,118,135,155],"conditions.":[20],"Existing":[21],"research":[22],"on":[23,31,112],"the":[24,38,47,68,91,104,147,161,173,180,192,206,211,228,231,238],"capabilities":[26,70],"only":[29,226],"relys":[30],"adding":[32],"more":[33],"onboard":[34],"sensors,":[35],"which":[36,168],"makes":[37],"safety":[40],"unable":[41],"be":[43,130],"guaranteed":[44],"due":[45],"installment":[48],"cost":[50],"limit":[51],"various":[53],"sensors.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"an":[59],"enhanced":[60],"3D":[61],"sensor":[62,83,114,124,185,232],"deployment":[63,84,151,166,233],"method":[64,142,203,234],"break":[66],"through":[67],"CAVs\u2019":[72],"own":[73],"equipment":[74],"limitations.":[75],"By":[76],"efficiently":[77],"utilizing":[78],"infrastructure,":[80],"reasonable":[81],"roadside":[82],"will":[85],"effectively":[86,159],"assist":[87],"CAVs":[88],"expand":[90],"range":[93],"improve":[95],"overall":[96],"accuracy.":[98],"Firstly,":[99],"in":[100,154,188],"order":[101,189],"address":[103],"limitations":[105,162],"existing":[107],"works":[108],"that":[109,128],"often":[110,169],"rely":[111],"simplified":[113],"models":[115],"idealized":[117],"conditions,":[119],"we":[120,198],"propose":[121,199],"a":[122,138,200],"Bresenham-based":[123],"environment":[126],"model":[127],"can":[129],"used":[131],"construct":[133],"realistic":[134],"environments.":[136,156],"Secondly,":[137],"decision":[139],"transformer":[140],"(DT)-based":[141],"is":[143],"adopted":[144],"solve":[146,191,210],"problem":[148,193],"optimal":[150,184],"sensors":[153],"Our":[157],"approach":[158],"addresses":[160],"traditional":[164],"static":[165],"methods,":[167],"fail":[170],"consider":[172],"complexities":[174],"real-world":[176],"diverse":[181],"factors":[182],"influencing":[183],"deployment.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"DT":[195],"delayed":[196],"rewards,":[197],"two-layer":[201],"optimization":[202],"redistribute":[205],"reward":[207],"function":[208],"local":[214],"optimization.":[215],"A":[216],"large":[217],"number":[218],"simulations":[220],"oriented":[221],"effects":[224],"not":[225],"verify":[227],"effectiveness":[229],"but":[235],"also":[236],"ensure":[237],"reliability":[239],"assistance.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
