{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406856889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3527633","title":"SmartRail: A System for the Continuous Monitoring of the Track Geometry Based on Embedded Arrays of Fiber Optic Sensors","display_name":"SmartRail: A System for the Continuous Monitoring of the Track Geometry Based on Embedded Arrays of Fiber Optic Sensors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406856889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3527633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3527633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3527633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030877942","display_name":"Giancarlo Santamato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-8911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Santamato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001943735","display_name":"Lorenzo Tozzetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-2577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Tozzetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089138290","display_name":"Massimiliano Solazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-2814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Solazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027030399","display_name":"Eugenio Fedeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117345","display_name":"Trenitalia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4sht73","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117345"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Fedeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research and Development, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research and Development, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042366911","display_name":"Fabrizio Di Pasquale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-2626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Di Pasquale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechanical Intelligence and the Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030877942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91003969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"3262","last_page":"3272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.6694999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.6694999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.6039596796035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5366702675819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.4330512285232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.389498233795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3040992021560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2657701373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.204954594373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18994027376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06483277678489685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6039596796035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5366702675819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.4330512285232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.389498233795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3040992021560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2657701373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.204954594373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18994027376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06483277678489685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3527633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3527633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/560937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11382/560937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964523149","https://openalex.org/W1966732442","https://openalex.org/W1970528271","https://openalex.org/W2000253057","https://openalex.org/W2000618191","https://openalex.org/W2038546336","https://openalex.org/W2047121664","https://openalex.org/W2052272843","https://openalex.org/W2068778093","https://openalex.org/W2073203634","https://openalex.org/W2073320067","https://openalex.org/W2079296646","https://openalex.org/W2079487674","https://openalex.org/W2084514601","https://openalex.org/W2097643783","https://openalex.org/W2128250175","https://openalex.org/W2141386066","https://openalex.org/W2148988705","https://openalex.org/W2164454805","https://openalex.org/W2165035808","https://openalex.org/W2318585112","https://openalex.org/W2464313672","https://openalex.org/W2547374680","https://openalex.org/W2753557213","https://openalex.org/W2774869152","https://openalex.org/W2783910921","https://openalex.org/W2788801286","https://openalex.org/W2790505609","https://openalex.org/W2800878136","https://openalex.org/W2883241406","https://openalex.org/W2883673509","https://openalex.org/W2898791317","https://openalex.org/W2964326458","https://openalex.org/W2973278900","https://openalex.org/W2974606141","https://openalex.org/W2982898764","https://openalex.org/W2983285351","https://openalex.org/W2984431648","https://openalex.org/W3029554135","https://openalex.org/W3035910766","https://openalex.org/W3045048893","https://openalex.org/W3045910926","https://openalex.org/W3115101150","https://openalex.org/W3116169669","https://openalex.org/W4311165328","https://openalex.org/W4362468126","https://openalex.org/W4367663438","https://openalex.org/W4383108527","https://openalex.org/W4388260292","https://openalex.org/W4391423489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2789518417","https://openalex.org/W4213217485","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,37],"propose":[4],"the":[5,8,15,19,50,56,59,63,66,79,82,86,91,97,107,142,146,153],"concept":[6],"of":[7,18,26,62,65,81,90,103,109,156,161],"Smart":[9],"Rail,":[10],"an":[11,75,134],"innovative":[12],"system":[13],"for":[14,152],"continuous":[16],"monitoring":[17,157],"track":[20,99],"geometry":[21],"based":[22,43,73],"on":[23,44,55,74,106,129],"embedded":[24],"arrays":[25],"Fiber":[27],"Bragg":[28],"Grating":[29],"sensors":[30,52],"and":[31,53,93,124,163],"Raman-based":[32],"distributed":[33],"temperature":[34],"sensors.":[35],"First,":[36],"discuss":[38],"how":[39],"our":[40],"technology":[41,148],"design,":[42],"a":[45,119,130],"custom":[46],"metallic":[47],"patch":[48],"embedding":[49],"FBG":[51],"brazed":[54],"track,":[57],"overcomes":[58],"robustness":[60,162],"concerns":[61],"State":[64],"Art.":[67],"The":[68,101],"metrological":[69],"principle":[70],"is":[71,113],"formulated":[72],"analytical/FE":[76],"model":[77],"allowing":[78],"correlation":[80],"measured":[83],"signals":[84],"to":[85,95],"local":[87],"curvature":[88],"deformation":[89],"rail,":[92],"then":[94],"reconstruct":[96],"global":[98],"geometry.":[100],"effect":[102],"spatial":[104],"sampling":[105],"detection":[108],"even":[110],"short-wave":[111],"defects":[112],"addressed":[114],"through":[115],"simulations,":[116],"as":[117],"being":[118],"crucial":[120],"trade-off":[121],"between":[122],"effectiveness":[123],"complexity.":[125],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"performed":[128],"first":[131],"prototype":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"efficient":[135],"strain":[136],"transfer":[137],"with":[138,141,165],"excellent":[139],"agreement":[140],"theoretical":[143],"predictions.":[144],"Hence":[145],"proposed":[147],"seems":[149],"very":[150],"promising":[151],"next":[154],"generation":[155],"systems,":[158],"in":[159],"terms":[160],"compatibility":[164],"maintenance":[166],"operations.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}