{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406755004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3524731","title":"A Dynamic Estimation Method for the Headway of Virtual Coupling Trains Utilizing the High-Order Extended Kalman Filter-Based Smoother","display_name":"A Dynamic Estimation Method for the Headway of Virtual Coupling Trains Utilizing the High-Order Extended Kalman Filter-Based Smoother","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406755004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3524731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3524731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3524731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101749804","display_name":"Tao Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-9338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047902702","display_name":"Jincheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-6911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636115","display_name":"Baigen Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-005X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baigen Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375483","display_name":"Clive Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-2105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clive Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101749804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96557963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"7051","last_page":"7064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.8484185934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headway","display_name":"Headway","score":0.7304427623748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.5848464369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.5363150238990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-kalman-filter","display_name":"Fast Kalman filter","score":0.5336414575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5212957859039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4827403426170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.45451873540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.417418509721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.41487038135528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3110545873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2529950737953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1857183575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1354951560497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1054815948009491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.8484185934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4383682","display_name":"Headway","level":2,"score":0.7304427623748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.5848464369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.5363150238990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150679823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5436946","display_name":"Fast Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.5336414575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5212957859039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4827403426170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.45451873540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.417418509721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.41487038135528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3110545873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2529950737953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1857183575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1354951560497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1054815948009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3524731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3524731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1811452814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52172323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304267019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52422216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5679425027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YJS119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7023397746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62120106011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051692575","https://openalex.org/W2054091988","https://openalex.org/W2075735023","https://openalex.org/W2082958903","https://openalex.org/W2149533983","https://openalex.org/W2151797657","https://openalex.org/W2460613516","https://openalex.org/W2512970381","https://openalex.org/W2590210736","https://openalex.org/W2750382558","https://openalex.org/W2786768859","https://openalex.org/W2908791240","https://openalex.org/W2944848986","https://openalex.org/W2981884823","https://openalex.org/W3016260189","https://openalex.org/W3116242177","https://openalex.org/W3117949763","https://openalex.org/W3134542109","https://openalex.org/W3138369710","https://openalex.org/W3155763767","https://openalex.org/W3169892122","https://openalex.org/W3199168262","https://openalex.org/W3205763863","https://openalex.org/W3208902935","https://openalex.org/W3211045837","https://openalex.org/W3213626134","https://openalex.org/W4200207236","https://openalex.org/W4205861666","https://openalex.org/W4211154725","https://openalex.org/W4221092857","https://openalex.org/W4280596942","https://openalex.org/W4287305550","https://openalex.org/W4292826016","https://openalex.org/W4308348109","https://openalex.org/W4310818419","https://openalex.org/W4312428227","https://openalex.org/W4313035944","https://openalex.org/W4319998026","https://openalex.org/W4322576859","https://openalex.org/W4364374461","https://openalex.org/W4367598767","https://openalex.org/W4379382639","https://openalex.org/W4381686127","https://openalex.org/W4386363040","https://openalex.org/W4386412283","https://openalex.org/W4389961107","https://openalex.org/W4390120199","https://openalex.org/W4390905496","https://openalex.org/W4391593967","https://openalex.org/W4392405758","https://openalex.org/W4393033643","https://openalex.org/W4394631675","https://openalex.org/W4402626742","https://openalex.org/W6632975372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772311278","https://openalex.org/W4206024512","https://openalex.org/W3190919334","https://openalex.org/W2053335193","https://openalex.org/W2394115825","https://openalex.org/W2336351623","https://openalex.org/W2150837402","https://openalex.org/W2188632562","https://openalex.org/W2533888311","https://openalex.org/W4246354917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,28,50,65,97,106,113,131,136,143,150,155,158,161],"challenge":[4],"of":[5,96,108,160,171],"achieving":[6],"high-precision":[7],"headway":[8,71,144],"estimation":[9,67,85,125,145],"in":[10],"virtual":[11,172],"coupling":[12,173],"trains":[13],"by":[14,87,154],"proposing":[15],"a":[16,19,32,58,93,167],"method":[17,163],"utilising":[18],"high-order":[20,33,59,74,103,118],"extended":[21,34,60,75,119],"Kalman":[22,35,61,76,120],"filter-based":[23],"smoother.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"approach,":[27],"leading":[29],"train":[30,55],"uses":[31],"filter":[36],"to":[37,49,63,110],"obtain":[38],"its":[39],"current":[40],"operational":[41],"state":[42,47,66,84,152],"and":[43,68,101,139,157],"then":[44,56],"transmits":[45],"historical":[46],"data":[48],"following":[51,54],"train.":[52],"The":[53,73,117],"employs":[57],"smoother":[62,121],"refine":[64],"determine":[69],"dynamic":[70],"estimation.":[72],"filter,":[77],"based":[78,148],"on":[79,149],"Taylor":[80],"series":[81],"expansion,":[82],"enhances":[83],"accuracy":[86],"minimising":[88],"truncation":[89],"errors.":[90],"It":[91],"constructs":[92],"pseudo-linear":[94],"representation":[95],"full-space":[98],"hidden":[99],"variables":[100],"establishes":[102],"states,":[104],"facilitating":[105],"modelling":[107],"measurements":[109],"align":[111],"with":[112,130],"filtering":[114],"derivation":[115,132],"process.":[116],"continuously":[122],"optimises":[123],"current-state":[124],"using":[126],"future":[127],"measurement":[128],"sequences,":[129],"process":[133,170],"realised":[134],"through":[135,166],"orthogonal":[137],"theorem":[138],"innovation":[140],"analysis.":[141],"Ultimately,":[142],"is":[146,164],"updated":[147],"smoothed":[151],"provided":[153],"smoother,":[156],"effectiveness":[159],"proposed":[162],"validated":[165],"multi-mode":[168],"operating":[169],"trains.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
