{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406047284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3521050","title":"Integrating GPU-Accelerated for Fast Large-Scale Vessel Trajectories Visualization in Maritime IoT Systems","display_name":"Integrating GPU-Accelerated for Fast Large-Scale Vessel Trajectories Visualization in Maritime IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406047284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3521050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3521050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3521050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050645983","display_name":"Maohan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maohan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088177440","display_name":"Kezhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kezhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042919549","display_name":"Ruobin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0781-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruobin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686212","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-5070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050645983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97441885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"4048","last_page":"4065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8101781010627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7627257108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.6321495771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6080552935600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5645655393600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4955383539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4582047462463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43753504753112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4375017285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43153178691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.27164173126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2159518003463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.18381956219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.16318050026893616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8101781010627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7627257108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.6321495771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6080552935600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5645655393600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4955383539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4582047462463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43753504753112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4375017285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43153178691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27164173126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2159518003463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.18381956219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.16318050026893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3521050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3521050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2642264497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52031009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016649354","https://openalex.org/W2037598541","https://openalex.org/W2090747210","https://openalex.org/W2558899384","https://openalex.org/W2576554443","https://openalex.org/W2586788875","https://openalex.org/W2604951283","https://openalex.org/W2751489612","https://openalex.org/W2889649525","https://openalex.org/W2904226253","https://openalex.org/W2911245743","https://openalex.org/W2926767350","https://openalex.org/W2942964245","https://openalex.org/W2944330663","https://openalex.org/W2944924828","https://openalex.org/W2945331861","https://openalex.org/W2994894228","https://openalex.org/W3017208336","https://openalex.org/W3019171297","https://openalex.org/W3019451457","https://openalex.org/W3019764255","https://openalex.org/W3021173937","https://openalex.org/W3028028000","https://openalex.org/W3046252510","https://openalex.org/W3080887739","https://openalex.org/W3097412515","https://openalex.org/W3099431668","https://openalex.org/W3120934634","https://openalex.org/W3128254715","https://openalex.org/W3184022454","https://openalex.org/W3184158355","https://openalex.org/W3190343431","https://openalex.org/W3205778325","https://openalex.org/W3214704605","https://openalex.org/W3215234199","https://openalex.org/W4206408676","https://openalex.org/W4213414466","https://openalex.org/W4226213199","https://openalex.org/W4226341790","https://openalex.org/W4250981202","https://openalex.org/W4288064704","https://openalex.org/W4293428450","https://openalex.org/W4294867459","https://openalex.org/W4309631282","https://openalex.org/W4320473914","https://openalex.org/W4378512916","https://openalex.org/W4388294785","https://openalex.org/W4388553214","https://openalex.org/W4389510185","https://openalex.org/W4390102399","https://openalex.org/W4392902037","https://openalex.org/W4396634174","https://openalex.org/W4399087830","https://openalex.org/W4400230047","https://openalex.org/W4401628471","https://openalex.org/W4403066538","https://openalex.org/W4403145930","https://openalex.org/W6873316167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323768008","https://openalex.org/W1941703695","https://openalex.org/W3131574667","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W4360995134","https://openalex.org/W4248382324","https://openalex.org/W3023605104","https://openalex.org/W2220968517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,94,110,125,152,163,168],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,10,22,47,71,113,189],"satellite":[4],"communication":[5],"technology,":[6],"maritime":[8,35,200],"Internet":[9],"Things":[11],"(IoT)":[12],"has":[13],"made":[14],"significant":[15],"progress.":[16],"As":[17],"a":[18,44,69,87,103,129],"result,":[19],"vast":[20],"amounts":[21],"Automatic":[23],"Identification":[24],"System":[25],"(AIS)":[26],"data":[27,42],"from":[28],"global":[29],"vessels":[30],"are":[31],"transmitted":[32],"to":[33,135,171,198],"various":[34],"stakeholders":[36],"through":[37],"Maritime":[38],"IoT":[39],"systems.":[40,203],"AIS":[41],"contains":[43],"large":[45],"amount":[46],"dynamic":[48],"and":[49,55,78,139,162,178,196],"static":[50],"information":[51],"that":[52,151],"requires":[53],"effective":[54],"intuitive":[56],"visualization":[57,67,91,160],"for":[58,73,186,206],"comprehensive":[59],"analysis.":[60],"However,":[61],"two":[62],"major":[63],"deficiencies":[64],"challenge":[65],"current":[66],"models:":[68],"lack":[70],"consideration":[72],"interactions":[74],"between":[75,119],"distant":[76,120],"pixels":[77],"low":[79],"efficiency.":[80,142],"To":[81],"address":[82],"these":[83],"issues,":[84],"we":[85,123],"developed":[86],"large-scale":[88],"vessel":[89,114,147,157,190],"trajectories":[90,115],"algorithm,":[92,100],"called":[93],"Non-local":[95],"Kernel":[96],"Density":[97],"Estimation":[98],"(NLKDE)":[99],"which":[101],"incorporates":[102],"non-local":[104],"convolution":[105],"process.":[106],"It":[107],"accurately":[108],"calculates":[109],"density":[111,159],"distribution":[112],"by":[116],"considering":[117],"correlations":[118],"pixels.":[121],"Additionally,":[122],"implemented":[124],"NLKDE":[126,153,182],"algorithm":[127,154],"under":[128],"Graphics":[130],"Processing":[131],"Unit":[132],"(GPU)":[133],"framework":[134,165],"enable":[136],"parallel":[137],"computing":[138],"improve":[140],"operational":[141],"Comprehensive":[143],"experiments":[144],"using":[145],"multiple":[146],"trajectory":[148,158],"datasets":[149],"show":[150],"excels":[155],"in":[156,192],"tasks,":[161],"GPU-accelerated":[164,181],"significantly":[166],"shortens":[167],"execution":[169],"time":[170],"achieve":[172],"real-time":[173,187],"results.":[174],"From":[175],"both":[176],"theoretical":[177],"practical":[179],"perspectives,":[180],"provides":[183],"technical":[184],"support":[185],"monitoring":[188],"dynamics":[191],"complex":[193],"water":[194],"areas":[195],"contributes":[197],"constructing":[199],"intelligent":[201],"transportation":[202],"The":[204],"code":[205],"this":[207],"paper":[208],"can":[209],"be":[210],"accessed":[211],"at:":[212],"https://github.com/maohliang/GPU-NLKDE.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
