{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405934398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3504605","title":"Quality-Based rPPG Compensation With Temporal Difference Transformer for Camera-Based Driver Monitoring","display_name":"Quality-Based rPPG Compensation With Temporal Difference Transformer for Camera-Based Driver Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405934398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3504605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3504605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3504605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085880023","display_name":"Kunyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032212676","display_name":"Hyunsoo Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-8597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunsoo Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454637","display_name":"Seung\u2010Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-8964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104117610","display_name":"Byeong Seon An","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byeong Seon An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104252410","display_name":"Shinwi Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinwi Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Informatics, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113706895","display_name":"Yonggwon Jeon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggwon Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IATD of Hyundai Motor Company, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IATD of Hyundai Motor Company, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025004236","display_name":"Eui Chul Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6504-3333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eui Chul Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085880023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69386868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"1951","last_page":"1963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5166033506393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5060679316520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4956320524215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.4733424484729767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4425355792045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24141743779182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09587660431861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07469958066940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07039830088615417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5166033506393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5060679316520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4956320524215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4733424484729767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4425355792045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24141743779182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09587660431861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07469958066940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07039830088615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3504605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3504605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963845400","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W2029745771","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2130739159","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2472200183","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2800039810","https://openalex.org/W2891834928","https://openalex.org/W2944244093","https://openalex.org/W2946649371","https://openalex.org/W2963433879","https://openalex.org/W2963604034","https://openalex.org/W2978709302","https://openalex.org/W2980397237","https://openalex.org/W2986906199","https://openalex.org/W3014841208","https://openalex.org/W3015345339","https://openalex.org/W3020225364","https://openalex.org/W3109219900","https://openalex.org/W3110179947","https://openalex.org/W3175452902","https://openalex.org/W3181348344","https://openalex.org/W3195233483","https://openalex.org/W3204118251","https://openalex.org/W3208211144","https://openalex.org/W3215845228","https://openalex.org/W4309178079","https://openalex.org/W4312358294","https://openalex.org/W4312701757","https://openalex.org/W4312829251","https://openalex.org/W4320913003","https://openalex.org/W4366338353","https://openalex.org/W4367663281","https://openalex.org/W4379051683","https://openalex.org/W4379619677","https://openalex.org/W4382466704","https://openalex.org/W4385237414","https://openalex.org/W4385525377","https://openalex.org/W4386066208","https://openalex.org/W4391952587","https://openalex.org/W4400275690","https://openalex.org/W6767419198","https://openalex.org/W6798442695","https://openalex.org/W6862515560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"photoplethysmography":[1],"(rPPG)":[2],"is":[3,97],"a":[4,12,17,41,91,143,183,214],"method":[5,160,187,204],"for":[6],"monitoring":[7],"pulse":[8],"signal":[9,150],"by":[10,76,194],"utilizing":[11],"camera":[13],"sensor":[14],"to":[15,70,107,209],"capture":[16],"facial":[18,129],"video":[19,130,155],"including":[20,60],"variations":[21],"in":[22,50,57,81,90,174,191,218],"blood":[23],"flow":[24],"beneath":[25],"the":[26,33,63,116,135,158,163,210],"skin.":[27],"Recently,":[28],"rPPG":[29,66,119,136,149,185,196],"advancements":[30],"have":[31],"enabled":[32],"measurement":[34],"of":[35,47,65,93,105,118,134,170,216],"an":[36,122],"individual\u2019s":[37],"heart":[38],"rate":[39],"with":[40,121],"Root":[42],"Mean":[43],"Square":[44],"Error":[45,96],"(RMSE)":[46],"approximately":[48],"1.0":[49],"controlled":[51],"indoor":[52],"environments.":[53],"However,":[54],"when":[55],"applied":[56],"car":[58],"dataset":[59],"driving":[61,175,192,219],"environments,":[62,178],"RMSE":[64],"measurements":[67,167],"significantly":[68],"increases":[69],"over":[71],"9.07.":[72],"This":[73,202],"limitation,":[74],"caused":[75],"motion-related":[77],"artifacts":[78],"and":[79,131,151,172,176],"fluctuations":[80],"ambient":[82],"illumination,":[83],"becomes":[84],"particularly":[85],"noticeable":[86],"while":[87],"driving,":[88],"resulting":[89],"Percentage":[92],"Time":[94],"that":[95,147,162,188],"less":[98],"than":[99],"6":[100],"beats":[101],"per":[102],"minute":[103],"(PTE6)":[104],"up":[106],"65.1%.":[108],"To":[109],"address":[110],"these":[111],"limitations,":[112],"we":[113,141,181],"focus":[114],"on":[115,124,154,199],"assessment":[117],"noise,":[120],"emphasis":[123],"evaluating":[125],"noise":[126,200],"components":[127],"within":[128],"quantifying":[132],"quality":[133,152,166,197],"measurement.":[137],"In":[138],"this":[139],"paper,":[140],"propose":[142],"deep":[144],"learning":[145],"framework":[146],"infers":[148],"based":[153,198],"vision":[156],"transformer.":[157],"proposed":[159],"demonstrates":[161,205],"top":[164],"10%":[165],"yield":[168],"PTE6":[169,215],"91.98%":[171],"99.59%":[173],"garage":[177],"respectively.":[179],"Additionally,":[180],"introduce":[182],"quality-based":[184],"compensation":[186,203],"improves":[189],"accuracy":[190,207],"environments":[193],"predicting":[195],"assessment.":[201],"superior":[206],"compared":[208],"current":[211],"state-of-the-art,":[212],"achieving":[213],"68.24%":[217],"scenarios.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
