{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403722873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3480525","title":"Leveraging Single-Bounce Reflections and Onboard Motion Sensors for Enhanced 5G Positioning","display_name":"Leveraging Single-Bounce Reflections and Onboard Motion Sensors for Enhanced 5G Positioning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403722873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3480525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3480525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3480525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016596086","display_name":"Qamar Bader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-1710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qamar Bader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080134346","display_name":"Sharief Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharief Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014571148","display_name":"Mohamed Elhabiby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-7506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163000","display_name":"Tetra Tech (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05y6c0296","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163000","https://openalex.org/I926333354"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elhabiby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micro Engineering Tech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada","Micro Engineering Tech Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micro Engineering Tech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micro Engineering Tech Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091253792","display_name":"Aboelmagd Noureldin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboelmagd Noureldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016596086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7374112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"12","first_page":"20464","last_page":"20477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48002877831459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45019957423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.44478827714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35501593351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.33511388301849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.29386892914772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2932838797569275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48002877831459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45019957423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44478827714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35501593351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.33511388301849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.29386892914772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2932838797569275}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3480525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3480525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:543640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/543640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5986929652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ALLRP-560898-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6070630832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2020-03900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017982824","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2296150501","https://openalex.org/W2296816139","https://openalex.org/W2486057976","https://openalex.org/W2888031286","https://openalex.org/W2890751875","https://openalex.org/W2921966295","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W2945760909","https://openalex.org/W2948273655","https://openalex.org/W2963371600","https://openalex.org/W2969769313","https://openalex.org/W3045881096","https://openalex.org/W3093658987","https://openalex.org/W3172750368","https://openalex.org/W3196646886","https://openalex.org/W3205794165","https://openalex.org/W4200015605","https://openalex.org/W4200360825","https://openalex.org/W4205955646","https://openalex.org/W4283369336","https://openalex.org/W4293094576","https://openalex.org/W4312714048","https://openalex.org/W4315629777","https://openalex.org/W4320713006","https://openalex.org/W4387400851","https://openalex.org/W6850727807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"5G-based":[0,104,141],"mmWave":[1,66],"wireless":[2],"positioning":[3,14,39,67,92,105,142,201],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,58,128],"a":[7,56,107,114,168,207],"promising":[8],"solution":[9,68,202],"for":[10,36,179,214],"autonomous":[11],"vehicle":[12],"(AV)":[13],"in":[15,94,150],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"Previous":[18],"studies":[19],"have":[20],"highlighted":[21],"the":[22,42,64,75,102,118,132,140,151,186,218,224,240],"benefits":[23],"of":[24,46,155,175,205,209,217,239],"fusing":[25],"line-of-sight":[26],"(LoS)":[27],"5G":[28,65,83,163],"signals":[29,89,230],"with":[30,106],"an":[31,37,123,129],"Inertial":[32],"Navigation":[33],"System":[34],"(INS)":[35],"improved":[38],"solution.":[40],"However,":[41],"highly":[43],"dynamic":[44],"environment":[45,154],"urban":[47,96,153],"areas,":[48],"where":[49],"AVs":[50],"are":[51,231],"expected":[52],"to":[53,71,74,90,131,223],"operate,":[54],"poses":[55],"challenge,":[57,80],"non-line-of-sight":[59],"(NLoS)":[60],"communication":[61],"can":[62],"deteriorate":[63],"and":[69,87,113,182],"lead":[70],"erroneous":[72],"corrections":[73],"INS.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"this":[79],"we":[81,100],"exploit":[82],"single-bounce":[84],"reflections":[85],"(SBRs)":[86],"LoS":[88],"improve":[91],"performance":[93],"dense":[95,152],"environments.":[97],"In":[98],"addition,":[99],"integrate":[101],"proposed":[103],"low-cost":[108,197],"inertial":[109],"measurement":[110],"unit":[111],"(IMU)":[112],"wheel":[115],"encoder.":[116],"Moreover,":[117],"integration":[119],"is":[120,221,235],"realized":[121],"using":[122,167],"unscented":[124],"Kalman":[125,136],"filter":[126,137],"(UKF)":[127],"alternative":[130],"widely":[133],"utilized":[134],"extended":[135],"(EKF)":[138],"within":[139],"research":[143],"community.":[144],"We":[145],"performed":[146],"two":[147,195],"test":[148],"trajectories":[149],"downtown":[156],"Toronto,":[157],"Canada.":[158],"For":[159,185],"each":[160],"trajectory,":[161],"quasi-real":[162],"measurements":[164],"were":[165,192],"generated":[166],"ray-tracing":[169],"tool":[170],"incorporating":[171],"3D":[172],"map":[173],"scans":[174],"real-world":[176],"buildings,":[177],"allowing":[178],"realistic":[180],"NLoS":[181],"multipath":[183],"scenarios.":[184],"same":[187],"trajectories,":[188],"real":[189],"motion":[190],"data":[191],"collected":[193],"from":[194],"different":[196],"IMUs.":[198],"Our":[199],"integrated":[200],"was":[203],"capable":[204],"maintaining":[206],"level":[208,226],"accuracy":[210,225],"below":[211],"30":[212],"cm":[213],"approximately":[215],"97%":[216],"time,":[219],"which":[220,234],"superior":[222],"achieved":[227],"when":[228],"SBR":[229],"not":[232],"considered,":[233],"only":[236],"around":[237],"92%":[238],"time.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}