{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400975267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3428988","title":"Analytical Characterization of Cyberattacks on Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles","display_name":"Analytical Characterization of Cyberattacks on Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400975267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3428988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3428988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3428988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103205255","display_name":"Shian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-3570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055690807","display_name":"Mingfeng Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-8472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingfeng Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-8472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053975688","display_name":"Raphael Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-7827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-7827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91428976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"11","first_page":"16409","last_page":"16420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9327999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.7458205819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.6126116514205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise","display_name":"Cruise","score":0.5582796931266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.472290575504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4532247483730316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-missile","display_name":"Cruise missile","score":0.411366730928421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3876373767852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.36960989236831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.36183810234069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3500676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.22850921750068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1329459846019745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.7458205819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.6126116514205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778821358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063640","display_name":"Cruise","level":2,"score":0.5582796931266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.472290575504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4532247483730316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28849524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181860","display_name":"Cruise missile","level":3,"score":0.411366730928421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3876373767852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36960989236831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.36183810234069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3500676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.22850921750068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1329459846019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778857364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974850","display_name":"Missile","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3428988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3428988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W322806488","https://openalex.org/W1544016679","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W2007718857","https://openalex.org/W2008102069","https://openalex.org/W2010921714","https://openalex.org/W2090321073","https://openalex.org/W2099005886","https://openalex.org/W2111204826","https://openalex.org/W2487175822","https://openalex.org/W2493168586","https://openalex.org/W2783335583","https://openalex.org/W2792608682","https://openalex.org/W2889521904","https://openalex.org/W2891205438","https://openalex.org/W2921479386","https://openalex.org/W2945434604","https://openalex.org/W2958285686","https://openalex.org/W2989690784","https://openalex.org/W3014113769","https://openalex.org/W3021496893","https://openalex.org/W3040844478","https://openalex.org/W3100782268","https://openalex.org/W3118248542","https://openalex.org/W3118776076","https://openalex.org/W3127589262","https://openalex.org/W3195489388","https://openalex.org/W4283794790","https://openalex.org/W4290629450","https://openalex.org/W4292074773","https://openalex.org/W4308080445","https://openalex.org/W4312053942","https://openalex.org/W4320168351","https://openalex.org/W4362635427","https://openalex.org/W4381949365","https://openalex.org/W4385301112","https://openalex.org/W4385326364","https://openalex.org/W4387995086","https://openalex.org/W4390578049","https://openalex.org/W6857781166","https://openalex.org/W7014474039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2744842631","https://openalex.org/W2928135228","https://openalex.org/W2604794472","https://openalex.org/W2269548070","https://openalex.org/W3043953383","https://openalex.org/W3149572353","https://openalex.org/W2461205088","https://openalex.org/W2380609026","https://openalex.org/W2101351086","https://openalex.org/W3211504322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"automated":[1],"vehicles":[2,35],"(AVs)":[3],"are":[4,36],"expected":[5],"to":[6,21,39,47,61,148,174],"revolutionize":[7],"future":[8,204],"transportation":[9,54,205],"systems,":[10,55],"emerging":[11],"AV":[12],"technologies":[13],"also":[14],"open":[15],"the":[16,26,49,66,127,176,193,201,215,226],"door":[17],"for":[18,80,162,211],"malicious":[19,67,128],"actors":[20],"compromise":[22],"intelligent":[23],"vehicles.":[24,169],"As":[25],"first":[27],"generation":[28],"of":[29,51,69,86,109,118,130,138,178,203,214,218,228],"AVs,":[30],"adaptive":[31],"cruise":[32],"control":[33,96],"(ACC)":[34],"particularly":[37],"vulnerable":[38],"cyberattacks.":[40],"Although":[41],"recent":[42],"efforts":[43],"have":[44],"been":[45,59],"made":[46],"understand":[48],"impact":[50,217],"attacks":[52,88,93,102,142,166,181,221],"on":[53,89,94,103,114,167,182,222],"little":[56],"work":[57],"has":[58],"done":[60],"systematically":[62],"model":[63],"and":[64,82,98,186,233],"characterize":[65,126],"nature":[68,129],"these":[70],"attacks.":[71,132,154],"In":[72],"this":[73],"study,":[74],"we":[75,121],"develop":[76],"a":[77,135],"general":[78],"framework":[79],"modeling":[81,141],"synthesizing":[83,163],"two":[84],"types":[85],"candidate":[87,165],"ACC":[90,168],"vehicles:":[91],"direct":[92],"vehicle":[95,235],"commands":[97],"false":[99],"data":[100],"injection":[101],"sensor":[104],"measurements,":[105],"with":[106,143],"explicit":[107],"characterization":[108],"their":[110],"adverse":[111,144],"effects.":[112],"Based":[113],"linear":[115],"stability":[116],"analysis":[117],"car-following":[119,184],"dynamics,":[120],"derive":[122],"analytical":[123],"conditions":[124,156],"that":[125],"potential":[131],"This":[133],"ensures":[134],"higher":[136],"degree":[137],"realism":[139],"in":[140],"effects,":[145],"as":[146],"opposed":[147],"simply":[149],"considering":[150],"constant":[151],"or":[152],"random":[153],"The":[155,207],"derived":[157],"provide":[158],"an":[159],"effective":[160],"method":[161],"strategic":[164],"We":[170],"conduct":[171],"extensive":[172],"simulations":[173],"examine":[175],"impacts":[177],"intelligently":[179],"designed":[180,220],"microscopic":[183],"dynamics":[185],"macroscopic":[187],"traffic":[188,223],"flow.":[189],"Numerical":[190],"results":[191],"illustrate":[192],"attack":[194,230],"mechanism,":[195],"offering":[196],"useful":[197],"insights":[198],"into":[199],"understanding":[200],"vulnerability":[202],"systems.":[206],"methodology":[208],"developed":[209],"allows":[210],"further":[212],"study":[213],"widespread":[216],"strategically":[219],"cybersecurity,":[224],"inspiring":[225],"development":[227],"efficient":[229],"detection":[231],"techniques":[232],"advanced":[234],"controls.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
