{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3402217","title":"Computation Offloading for Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Internet of Vehicles in 6G Edge Network: A Cooperative Stackelberg Game","display_name":"Computation Offloading for Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Internet of Vehicles in 6G Edge Network: A Cooperative Stackelberg Game","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399526960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3402217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3402217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3402217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058808098","display_name":"Zhengyi Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Yi Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103190439","display_name":"Hong-Shen Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Shen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8536-5485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046582366","display_name":"Ya-Lun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-4781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Lun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-4781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068790291","display_name":"Ying-Jie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1551-3664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Jie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1551-3664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101838858","display_name":"Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-0928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058808098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97945394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"10389","last_page":"10404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8029226064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6200252771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5536363124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5114432573318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4763615131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4675278663635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4559694826602936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3755955398082733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2702416777610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09645998477935791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8029226064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6200252771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5536363124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5114432573318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4763615131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4675278663635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4559694826602936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3755955398082733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2702416777610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09645998477935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3402217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3402217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6444972928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022BL083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7940173398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8163892778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015660387","https://openalex.org/W2218489740","https://openalex.org/W2909847702","https://openalex.org/W2982643995","https://openalex.org/W3041194909","https://openalex.org/W3088579369","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3106959531","https://openalex.org/W3119625338","https://openalex.org/W3121477569","https://openalex.org/W3126624072","https://openalex.org/W3138709861","https://openalex.org/W3157603151","https://openalex.org/W3163643437","https://openalex.org/W3181606936","https://openalex.org/W3194521778","https://openalex.org/W3203818865","https://openalex.org/W3216603398","https://openalex.org/W4206561957","https://openalex.org/W4206838145","https://openalex.org/W4210982773","https://openalex.org/W4211156803","https://openalex.org/W4214908208","https://openalex.org/W4221059140","https://openalex.org/W4280537961","https://openalex.org/W4285120839","https://openalex.org/W4285163903","https://openalex.org/W4299804950","https://openalex.org/W4301969249","https://openalex.org/W4311143981","https://openalex.org/W4312422182","https://openalex.org/W4312590601","https://openalex.org/W4312816016","https://openalex.org/W4313118019","https://openalex.org/W4313493875","https://openalex.org/W4328007710","https://openalex.org/W4365790423","https://openalex.org/W4380362904","https://openalex.org/W4385462888","https://openalex.org/W4386212337","https://openalex.org/W4387145964","https://openalex.org/W4391128551","https://openalex.org/W4391945833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337102067","https://openalex.org/W3108946947","https://openalex.org/W4302338237","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W2920581164","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4386004629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,22,32,42,64,103,108,121,146,153,161,164,171],"development":[2],"of":[3,5,52,102,163],"Internet":[4,51],"Vehicles":[6,53],"(IOV)":[7],"technology,":[8,27],"minimizing":[9],"network":[10],"latency":[11],"while":[12],"performing":[13],"computationally":[14],"intensive":[15],"tasks":[16],"has":[17,110],"become":[18],"a":[19,94,129],"challenge.":[20],"As":[21],"most":[23],"advanced":[24],"data":[25,75],"communication":[26],"6G":[28,59],"can":[29,40,144],"significantly":[30],"reduce":[31],"latency.":[33],"Additionally,":[34],"utilizing":[35],"remote":[36],"satellites":[37],"for":[38,89,150,157],"assistance":[39],"alleviate":[41],"computational":[43],"pressure.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"an":[48],"Integrated":[49],"Satellite-Terrestrial":[50],"(IST-IOV)":[54],"environment":[55],"was":[56],"established":[57,63],"with":[58,182],"networks.":[60],"Firstly,":[61],"we":[62,85,127],"Edge":[65],"Computation":[66],"Service":[67],"Provider":[68],"(ECSP)":[69],"to":[70],"manage":[71],"task":[72],"allocation":[73],"and":[74,82,91,125,152,185],"flow.":[76],"Secondly,":[77],"considering":[78],"energy":[79],"consumption,":[80],"latency,":[81],"offloading":[83,131,148],"process,":[84],"define":[86],"utility":[87,165,177],"values":[88],"vehicles":[90,124,151],"ECSP,":[92,126],"construct":[93],"Stackelberg":[95],"bi-level":[96],"dynamic":[97],"cooperative":[98],"game.":[99],"The":[100,141],"existence":[101],"unique":[104],"Nash":[105],"equilibrium":[106],"in":[107,138,178],"game":[109],"also":[111],"been":[112],"proved":[113],"by":[114],"backward":[115],"induction":[116],"methods.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"based":[119,159],"on":[120,160],"interaction":[122],"between":[123],"proposed":[128,172],"computation":[130],"algorithm":[132,143,173],"called":[133],"Dynamic":[134],"Cooperative":[135],"Game":[136],"Theory":[137],"IOV":[139],"(DCGT-IOV).":[140],"DCGT-IOV":[142],"find":[145],"optimal":[147,154],"strategy":[149,156],"pricing":[155],"ECSP":[158],"gradient":[162],"function.":[166],"Simulation":[167],"results":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"that":[170],"achieves":[174],"higher":[175],"overall":[176],"various":[179],"scenarios":[180],"compared":[181],"other":[183],"strategies":[184],"exhibits":[186],"good":[187],"convergence":[188],"properties.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
