{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397026379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3397077","title":"Problem-Specific Knowledge Based Multi-Objective Meta-Heuristics Combined Q-Learning for Scheduling Urban Traffic Lights With Carbon Emissions","display_name":"Problem-Specific Knowledge Based Multi-Objective Meta-Heuristics Combined Q-Learning for Scheduling Urban Traffic Lights With Carbon Emissions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397026379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3397077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3397077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3397077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111199107","display_name":"Zhongjie Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4514-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjie Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082236615","display_name":"Kaizhou Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaizhou Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-6928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090664309","display_name":"Naiqi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-458X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naiqi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-458X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025626208","display_name":"Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["KINDI Center for Computing Research, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","College of Engineering, KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-5105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KINDI Center for Computing Research, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99412111,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"10","first_page":"15053","last_page":"15064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9445000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7682937383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6045243144035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5294211506843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3608613610267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3476024270057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3443526029586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3415217995643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2707955241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13957497477531433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7682937383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6045243144035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5294211506843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3608613610267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3476024270057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3443526029586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3415217995643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2707955241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13957497477531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3397077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3397077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/62259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/62259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5841883072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6558912119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0019/2021/A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G741060987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138497752","https://openalex.org/W1481976097","https://openalex.org/W1973093657","https://openalex.org/W2001769813","https://openalex.org/W2002803284","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2132748629","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2144488633","https://openalex.org/W2343498104","https://openalex.org/W2498688231","https://openalex.org/W2557951635","https://openalex.org/W2602823752","https://openalex.org/W2615043807","https://openalex.org/W2779329725","https://openalex.org/W2793447484","https://openalex.org/W2886287742","https://openalex.org/W2894419220","https://openalex.org/W2894522179","https://openalex.org/W2900019936","https://openalex.org/W2912015481","https://openalex.org/W2964749398","https://openalex.org/W2991617347","https://openalex.org/W2994774399","https://openalex.org/W3075234101","https://openalex.org/W3083982895","https://openalex.org/W3093790675","https://openalex.org/W3120978516","https://openalex.org/W3187463146","https://openalex.org/W4210456430","https://openalex.org/W4214547237","https://openalex.org/W4220899555","https://openalex.org/W4309734258","https://openalex.org/W4311405210","https://openalex.org/W4312767177","https://openalex.org/W4312812839","https://openalex.org/W4312857373","https://openalex.org/W4365514086","https://openalex.org/W4376129161","https://openalex.org/W4377019716","https://openalex.org/W4377968663","https://openalex.org/W4379115244","https://openalex.org/W4382762576","https://openalex.org/W4385755951","https://openalex.org/W4385864309","https://openalex.org/W4391791355","https://openalex.org/W4392055764","https://openalex.org/W6615831953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2025955409","https://openalex.org/W1577301438","https://openalex.org/W4231062255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"complex":[1],"and":[2,43,64,79,101,123,144,203,217,267],"variable":[3],"traffic":[4,9,20,35,41,210,247,271],"environments,":[5],"efficient":[6,266],"multi-objective":[7,33,49,201],"urban":[8,34,209,246,270],"light":[10,36,211,248],"scheduling":[11,37,212,249],"is":[12,22,52,113,181,235],"imperative.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,98,104,110,167,172,178,221,236],"carbon":[16,44,65],"emission":[17],"problem":[18,111],"accompanying":[19],"delays":[21,42],"often":[23],"neglected":[24],"in":[25],"most":[26,237],"existing":[27],"literature.":[28],"This":[29,240],"study":[30],"focuses":[31],"on":[32,97],"problems":[38],"(MOUTLSP),":[39],"concerning":[40],"emissions":[45],"simultaneously.":[46],"First,":[47],"a":[48,138,231],"mathematical":[50],"model":[51],"firstly":[53],"developed":[54],"to":[55,58,85,115,136,161],"describe":[56],"MOUTLSP":[57],"minimize":[59],"vehicle":[60],"delays,":[61,63],"pedestrian":[62],"emissions.":[66],"Second,":[67],"three":[68,142,251],"well-known":[69],"meta-heuristics,":[70],"namely":[71],"genetic":[72],"algorithm":[73,122,129],"(GA),":[74],"particle":[75],"swarm":[76],"optimization":[77],"(PSO),":[78],"differential":[80],"evolution":[81],"(DE),":[82],"are":[83,94,159,196],"improved":[84],"solve":[86],"MOUTLSP.":[87],"Six":[88],"problem-feature-based":[89],"local":[90,154],"search":[91,155],"operators":[92],"(LSO)":[93],"designed":[95],"based":[96],"solution":[99],"structure":[100],"incorporated":[102],"into":[103],"iterative":[105,168],"process":[106,169],"of":[107,177,233],"meta-heuristics.":[108],"Third,":[109],"nature":[112],"utilized":[114],"design":[116],"two":[117,199],"novel":[118],"Q-learning-based":[119,128,153,194],"strategies":[120,158,180,195],"for":[121,170,207,245,263],"LSO":[124],"selection,":[125],"respectively.":[126],"The":[127,152,175,190,214],"selection":[130,156],"(QAS)":[131],"strategy":[132],"guides":[133],"non-dominated":[134],"solutions":[135,147,165],"obtain":[137],"good":[139],"trade-off":[140],"among":[141],"objectives":[143,252],"generates":[145],"high-quality":[146],"by":[148,183,253],"selecting":[149],"suitable":[150],"algorithms.":[151],"(QLSS)":[157],"employed":[160],"seek":[162],"premium":[163],"neighborhood":[164],"throughout":[166],"improving":[171],"convergence":[173],"speed.":[174],"effectiveness":[176],"improvement":[179],"verified":[182],"solving":[184,208],"11":[185],"instances":[186],"with":[187,193,198,250],"different":[188],"scales.":[189],"proposed":[191,222],"algorithms":[192,202,206,257],"compared":[197],"classical":[200],"some":[204],"state-of-the-art":[205],"problems.":[213],"experimental":[215],"results":[216],"comparisons":[218],"demonstrate":[219],"that":[220],"GA":[223],"<inline-formula":[224],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[225],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[226],"<tex-math":[227],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$+$</tex-math>":[228],"</inline-formula>":[229],"QLSS,":[230],"variant":[232],"GA,":[234],"competitive":[238],"one.":[239],"research":[241],"proposes":[242],"new":[243],"ideas":[244],"Q-learning":[254],"assisted":[255],"evolutionary":[256],"firstly.":[258],"It":[259],"provides":[260],"strong":[261],"support":[262],"achieving":[264],"more":[265],"environmentally":[268],"friendly":[269],"management.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
