{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393241206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3377179","title":"From Weeping to Wailing: A Transitive Stealthy Bus-Off Attack","display_name":"From Weeping to Wailing: A Transitive Stealthy Bus-Off Attack","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393241206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3377179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3377179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3377179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037687036","display_name":"Paul Agbaje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-8720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Agbaje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-8720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071036966","display_name":"Habeeb Olufowobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-2038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habeeb Olufowobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-2038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071512499","display_name":"Sena Hounsinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-6135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99069390","display_name":"Metropolitan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/056rp9e47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91221267","https://openalex.org/I99069390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sena Hounsinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99069390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055170166","display_name":"Gedare Bloom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gedare Bloom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-7092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037687036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75516011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"9","first_page":"12066","last_page":"12080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.392300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.392300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.3474999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.3183000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-relation","display_name":"Transitive relation","score":0.6672893166542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5182440280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5085304975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3280488848686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24076062440872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.12628069519996643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.6672893166542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5182440280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5085304975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3280488848686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24076062440872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12628069519996643}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3377179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3377179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5420332946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2046705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010693176","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2133854595","https://openalex.org/W2278058222","https://openalex.org/W2506734067","https://openalex.org/W2536935267","https://openalex.org/W2550909413","https://openalex.org/W2605933137","https://openalex.org/W2727289247","https://openalex.org/W2743241167","https://openalex.org/W2752558064","https://openalex.org/W2790556489","https://openalex.org/W2790754094","https://openalex.org/W2790772609","https://openalex.org/W2792310067","https://openalex.org/W2890419336","https://openalex.org/W2897929592","https://openalex.org/W2904456902","https://openalex.org/W2913402274","https://openalex.org/W2925076195","https://openalex.org/W2925113551","https://openalex.org/W2948384692","https://openalex.org/W2964010649","https://openalex.org/W2982902108","https://openalex.org/W2982943723","https://openalex.org/W2984712157","https://openalex.org/W2986731541","https://openalex.org/W2989939127","https://openalex.org/W2997711900","https://openalex.org/W2998500054","https://openalex.org/W3007940922","https://openalex.org/W3008134592","https://openalex.org/W3012214646","https://openalex.org/W3086224195","https://openalex.org/W3164321464","https://openalex.org/W3170348203","https://openalex.org/W3195503415","https://openalex.org/W3201422354","https://openalex.org/W4200567922","https://openalex.org/W4221162132","https://openalex.org/W4229595915","https://openalex.org/W4302383595","https://openalex.org/W4321383460","https://openalex.org/W4323338545","https://openalex.org/W4327809007","https://openalex.org/W6603557143","https://openalex.org/W6695138468","https://openalex.org/W6719536112","https://openalex.org/W6766746498","https://openalex.org/W6781820298","https://openalex.org/W6795692297","https://openalex.org/W6809880211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4312527695","https://openalex.org/W2361167282","https://openalex.org/W1528932152","https://openalex.org/W2091342995","https://openalex.org/W2271118953","https://openalex.org/W3007067598","https://openalex.org/W2359420171","https://openalex.org/W1677394555","https://openalex.org/W2006385248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110],"integration":[1],"of":[2,5,53,71,117,129,148,177],"the":[3,39,50,54,62,67,72,84,95,100,118,127,144,149,161,181,222,226,236,242,245],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"devices":[8,32],"and":[9,23,125,146,219,235],"solutions":[10],"into":[11,17,83],"passenger":[12],"vehicles":[13],"has":[14],"transformed":[15],"cars":[16],"a":[18,24,45,77,98,114,155,174,194,216],"complex":[19],"system":[20],"with":[21],"intelligence":[22],"platform":[25],"for":[26,49,159],"extending":[27],"information":[28],"technology":[29],"possibilities.":[30],"These":[31],"communicate":[33],"through":[34],"in-vehicle":[35],"networks":[36],"that":[37,121,140,179,198,221],"use":[38],"controller":[40],"area":[41],"network":[42],"(CAN)":[43],"as":[44],"de":[46],"facto":[47],"standard":[48],"safety-critical":[51],"functionality":[52],"vehicles.":[55],"One":[56],"creative":[57],"exploit":[58],"against":[59],"CAN":[60,73,217],"is":[61,90,103,113,173],"bus-off":[63,85,119],"attack,":[64],"which":[65,88,172],"uses":[66],"fault":[68],"tolerance":[69],"capabilities":[70],"bus":[74],"to":[75,93,105,169,183,202,232,247],"coerce":[76],"victim":[78,101],"electronic":[79],"control":[80],"unit":[81],"(ECU)":[82],"state":[86],"from":[87,186,230],"it":[89],"not":[91],"allowed":[92],"access":[94],"bus.":[96],"As":[97],"result,":[99],"ECU":[102],"unable":[104],"send":[106],"or":[107],"receive":[108],"messages.":[109],"WeepingCAN":[111,150],"attack":[112,120,182,196,227,238],"stealthy":[115],"variation":[116],"reduces":[122],"its":[123],"observability":[124],"therefore":[126],"effectiveness":[128,147],"detection-based":[130],"mitigation.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"paper,":[134],"we":[135,153,164,192],"introduce":[136,154],"three":[137],"software-based":[138],"improvements":[139,213],"greatly":[141],"increase":[142],"both":[143],"efficiency":[145],"attack.":[151,162],"First,":[152],"novel":[156],"zero-phase":[157,223],"approach":[158,168],"synchronizing":[160],"Second,":[163],"discover":[165],"an":[166,200],"alternative":[167],"disable":[170],"retransmissions,":[171],"key":[175],"capability":[176],"WeepingCAN,":[178],"allows":[180],"be":[184,248],"conducted":[185],"more":[187,205],"ECUs":[188,206,243],"than":[189,207],"before.":[190],"Third,":[191],"identify":[193],"transitive":[195,237],"strategy":[197,239],"enables":[199,240],"attacker":[201],"target":[203],"many":[204],"originally":[208],"possible.":[209],"We":[210],"evaluate":[211],"our":[212],"experimentally":[214],"using":[215],"benchmark":[218,246],"find":[220],"synchronization":[224],"improves":[225],"success":[228],"rate":[229],"75%":[231],"over":[233],"90%":[234],"all":[241],"in":[244],"attacked.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}