{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390492520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3343196","title":"Real-Time Asphalt Pavement Layer Thickness Prediction Using Ground-Penetrating Radar Based on a Modified Extended Common Mid-Point (XCMP) Approach","display_name":"Real-Time Asphalt Pavement Layer Thickness Prediction Using Ground-Penetrating Radar Based on a Modified Extended Common Mid-Point (XCMP) Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390492520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3343196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3343196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3343196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.03375","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420082","display_name":"Siqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088615931","display_name":"Zhen Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047552526","display_name":"Xin Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108622042","display_name":"Weiguang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024545973","display_name":"Tao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-9370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Road Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051479591","display_name":"Zehui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100420082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.437,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99307724,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"6848","last_page":"6860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.8466209173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt","display_name":"Asphalt","score":0.6925575137138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5757851004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5390050411224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5342833995819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.45239654183387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.36961281299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3634600043296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.351982057094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.322101891040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3098875880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17339426279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09254723787307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07184094190597534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.8466209173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.6925575137138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5757851004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5390050411224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5342833995819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.45239654183387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36961281299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3634600043296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.351982057094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.322101891040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3098875880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17339426279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09254723787307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07184094190597534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3343196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3343196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.03375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.03375","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.03375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.03375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.03375","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.03375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2337686864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3272046706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1600102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6304478112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFA0714302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6545010177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52308444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390492520.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390492520.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973558789","https://openalex.org/W1979143505","https://openalex.org/W2035915475","https://openalex.org/W2048221956","https://openalex.org/W2089839637","https://openalex.org/W2094856141","https://openalex.org/W2096915748","https://openalex.org/W2129179050","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2395626468","https://openalex.org/W2487475752","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2617720975","https://openalex.org/W2768015012","https://openalex.org/W2782187661","https://openalex.org/W2789491626","https://openalex.org/W2789711215","https://openalex.org/W2888370340","https://openalex.org/W2954022948","https://openalex.org/W2957520802","https://openalex.org/W3021608294","https://openalex.org/W3022886678","https://openalex.org/W3130618976","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W3175029423","https://openalex.org/W3201811890","https://openalex.org/W4291653233","https://openalex.org/W4291824435","https://openalex.org/W4306410668","https://openalex.org/W4313463382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"conventional":[1],"surface":[2,157,186],"reflection":[3,158,187],"method":[4,22,47,59,90,126,170,188],"has":[5],"been":[6,65],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,91,133],"measure":[10],"the":[11,36,43,54,57,82,112,156,167,185],"asphalt":[12,98],"pavement":[13,28,99],"layer":[14],"dielectric":[15,32,102,139],"constant":[16,33,140],"using":[17,42,146],"ground-penetrating":[18],"radar":[19],"(GPR).":[20],"This":[21,79],"may":[23],"be":[24,40],"inaccurate":[25],"for":[26,153],"in-service":[27,97],"thickness":[29,61,94,142],"estimation":[30,114],"with":[31,49,100,173],"variation":[34],"through":[35,104],"depth,":[37],"which":[38,74,180],"could":[39],"addressed":[41],"extended":[44],"common":[45],"mid-point":[46],"(XCMP)":[48],"air-coupled":[50],"GPR":[51,149],"antennas.":[52],"However,":[53],"factors":[55,71,84],"affecting":[56,83],"XCMP":[58,89,125,160,169],"on":[60,128],"prediction":[62,95,176],"accuracy":[63],"haven\u2019t":[64],"studied.":[66],"Manual":[67],"acquisition":[68],"of":[69,96,115,117,178],"key":[70],"is":[72,171,181],"required,":[73],"hinders":[75],"its":[76],"real-time":[77,135],"applications.":[78],"study":[80],"investigates":[81],"and":[85,141,159],"develops":[86],"a":[87,147,174],"modified":[88,124,168],"allow":[92,134],"automatic":[93],"non-uniform":[101],"properties":[103],"depth.":[105],"A":[106,123],"sensitivity":[107],"analysis":[108],"was":[109,131],"performed,":[110],"necessitating":[111],"accurate":[113,183],"time":[116],"flights":[118],"(TOFs)":[119],"from":[120],"antenna":[121],"pairs.":[122],"based":[127],"edge":[129],"detection":[130],"proposed":[132],"TOFs":[136],"estimation,":[137],"then":[138],"predictions.":[143],"Field":[144],"tests":[145],"multi-channel":[148],"system":[150],"were":[151,162],"performed":[152],"validation.":[154],"Both":[155],"setups":[161],"conducted.":[163],"Results":[164],"show":[165],"that":[166],"recommended":[172],"mean":[175],"error":[177],"1.86%,":[179],"more":[182],"than":[184],"(5.73%).":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-01-03T00:00:00"}
