{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389538725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3337786","title":"Multi-Layer NMPC for Battery Thermal Management Optimization Strategy of Connected Electric Vehicle Integrated With Waste Heat Recovery","display_name":"Multi-Layer NMPC for Battery Thermal Management Optimization Strategy of Connected Electric Vehicle Integrated With Waste Heat Recovery","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389538725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3337786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3337786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3337786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443225","display_name":"Yan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-8983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Changchun, China","Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-8983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Changchun, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101969552","display_name":"Qian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-3194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-3194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101832628","display_name":"Hao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-380X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127843","display_name":"First Automotive Works (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0353t4m91","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAW Jiefang Group Company Ltd., Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAW Jiefang Group Company Ltd., Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636321","display_name":"Yunfeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Changchun, China","Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Changchun, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074996561","display_name":"Hong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-8649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89422425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"6133","last_page":"6146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.7012485265731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6519477963447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6438862085342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat","display_name":"Waste heat","score":0.6304432153701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5254841446876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5055663585662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat-recovery-unit","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","score":0.503696620464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.4302383065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37752342224121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28725558519363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.22246962785720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1505875289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13254940509796143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7012485265731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6519477963447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6438862085342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.6304432153701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5254841446876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5055663585662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105994980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081379","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","level":3,"score":0.503696620464325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.4302383065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37752342224121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28725558519363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22246962785720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1505875289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13254940509796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3337786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3337786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4328090005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985986451","https://openalex.org/W2003820370","https://openalex.org/W2008301949","https://openalex.org/W2009222966","https://openalex.org/W2023385933","https://openalex.org/W2585157475","https://openalex.org/W2806819900","https://openalex.org/W2883051459","https://openalex.org/W2907763371","https://openalex.org/W2964137942","https://openalex.org/W2991536510","https://openalex.org/W3002974158","https://openalex.org/W3010681897","https://openalex.org/W3033756654","https://openalex.org/W3046911453","https://openalex.org/W3081084096","https://openalex.org/W3094099748","https://openalex.org/W3099921734","https://openalex.org/W3103310679","https://openalex.org/W3111470914","https://openalex.org/W3111896817","https://openalex.org/W3137178035","https://openalex.org/W3138755682","https://openalex.org/W3196856323","https://openalex.org/W3208955942","https://openalex.org/W3212690574","https://openalex.org/W3217739340","https://openalex.org/W4311832360","https://openalex.org/W4312983123","https://openalex.org/W4387321267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047678969","https://openalex.org/W2387302502","https://openalex.org/W2946527108","https://openalex.org/W3200016639","https://openalex.org/W2212983040","https://openalex.org/W4388915671","https://openalex.org/W2484086772","https://openalex.org/W4312842629","https://openalex.org/W2801934545","https://openalex.org/W2384810028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,182],"performance":[1,195,204],"of":[2,15,34,45,75,108,146,173,196,203,235],"the":[3,8,12,16,19,71,82,106,109,115,143,147,162,171,187,194,197,201,223,243],"battery":[4,17,46,83,110],"decreases":[5],"dramatically":[6],"in":[7,18,79,222],"low":[9,80],"temperature,":[10,81],"and":[11,30,64,98,114,153,164,178,220,228,237],"heating":[13,62,73,85],"system":[14,49,78,86,93,117,138,191],"cold":[20],"environment":[21],"consumes":[22],"considerable":[23],"energy,":[24],"which":[25,60,134,199,241],"leads":[26],"to":[27,69,104,120,141,169,208,211],"reduced":[28],"range":[29],"increased":[31,116],"safety":[32],"hazards":[33],"electric":[35,57,99],"vehicle.":[36],"This":[37],"article":[38],"focuses":[39],"on":[40],"an":[41],"optimal":[42],"control":[43,129],"strategy":[44,131],"thermal":[47,245],"management":[48,246],"(BTMS)":[50],"with":[51,88,158,232],"waste":[52,95,121,188],"heat":[53,76,89,96,122,189],"recovery":[54,97,190],"for":[55],"connected":[56],"vehicle":[58],"(CEV),":[59],"improves":[61],"efficiency":[63],"minimizes":[65],"energy":[66,144,216],"consumption.":[67],"Firstly,":[68],"compensate":[70],"insufficient":[72],"capacity":[74],"pump":[77,90],"pack":[84],"integrated":[87,148],"air":[91],"conditioning":[92],"(HPACS),":[94],"heater":[100],"is":[101,132],"designed.":[102],"Secondly,":[103],"address":[105],"problems":[107,172],"slow":[111],"thermodynamic":[112],"response":[113],"complexity":[118],"due":[119],"recovery,":[123],"a":[124],"multi-layer":[125,174],"nonlinear":[126],"model":[127],"predictive":[128],"(ML-NMPC)":[130],"developed,":[133],"utilizes":[135],"intelligent":[136],"transportation":[137],"(ITS)":[139],"information":[140],"optimize":[142],"consumption":[145,217],"system.":[149],"upper":[151],"layer":[152,155],"lower":[154],"controllers":[156],"coordinate":[157],"each":[159],"other":[160],"using":[161],"long":[163],"short":[165],"speed":[166],"prediction":[167],"respectively":[168],"solve":[170],"control,":[175],"fast":[176],"implementation":[177],"reference":[179],"trajectory":[180],"tracking.":[181],"simulation":[183],"results":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186],"can":[192],"improve":[193],"HPACS,":[198],"increases":[200],"coefficient":[202],"(COP)":[205],"from":[206],"1.79":[207],"2.54.":[209],"Compared":[210],"centralized":[212],"NMPC,":[213],"ML-NMPC":[214],"reduces":[215],"by":[218],"10.2%":[219],"13.7%":[221],"insulation":[224],"stage":[225],"under":[226],"NEDC":[227],"real":[229],"driving":[230],"condition":[231],"higher":[233],"state":[234],"health":[236],"less":[238],"computation":[239],"time,":[240],"demonstrates":[242],"superior":[244],"capability.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}