{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388936681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3332607","title":"Hub-Based Platoon Formation: Optimal Release Policies and Approximate Solutions","display_name":"Hub-Based Platoon Formation: Optimal Release Policies and Approximate Solutions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388936681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3332607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3332607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3332607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047521963","display_name":"Alexander Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-4672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086251473","display_name":"Ehsan Nekouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-0135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Nekouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-0135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085657358","display_name":"Xiaotong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-8828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Intelligent Transportation, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975901","display_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Transport Research Laboratory and the Division of Decision and Control, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Transport Research Laboratory and the Division of Decision and Control, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020507591","display_name":"Jonas M\u00e5rtensson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas M\u00e5rtensson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Transport Research Laboratory and the Division of Decision and Control, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-5316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Transport Research Laboratory and the Division of Decision and Control, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047521963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86684268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"5755","last_page":"5766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platoon","display_name":"Platoon","score":0.9742147922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.8548092842102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5685339570045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5669323801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange","display_name":"Information exchange","score":0.5045796632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4729970097541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3999583423137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.373684287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3388659358024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3357456922531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24182933568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2350497543811798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17881885170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1036483645439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0991320013999939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061967","display_name":"Platoon","level":3,"score":0.9742147922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.8548092842102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5685339570045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5669323801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.5045796632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4729970097541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3999583423137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.373684287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3388659358024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3357456922531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24182933568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2350497543811798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17881885170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1036483645439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0991320013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3332607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3332607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-133608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-133608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1914712816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-01078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1941866442","https://openalex.org/W1978641677","https://openalex.org/W1995549873","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2108170386","https://openalex.org/W2111204826","https://openalex.org/W2138966161","https://openalex.org/W2307055197","https://openalex.org/W2461335435","https://openalex.org/W2564430455","https://openalex.org/W2584849839","https://openalex.org/W2611050946","https://openalex.org/W2700496347","https://openalex.org/W2789830598","https://openalex.org/W2947718668","https://openalex.org/W2972889649","https://openalex.org/W2997394177","https://openalex.org/W3021808836","https://openalex.org/W3034969563","https://openalex.org/W3122337889","https://openalex.org/W3156114955","https://openalex.org/W3164863300","https://openalex.org/W3179943596","https://openalex.org/W3204579237","https://openalex.org/W3210390291","https://openalex.org/W4210419635","https://openalex.org/W4249667877","https://openalex.org/W6631873735","https://openalex.org/W6779761662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286572054","https://openalex.org/W2555207388","https://openalex.org/W3171462553","https://openalex.org/W2983996496","https://openalex.org/W3189590538","https://openalex.org/W4389240635","https://openalex.org/W2461853023","https://openalex.org/W2136133395","https://openalex.org/W2935722734","https://openalex.org/W575001261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,222],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,40,46,50,64,69,76,81,85,97,100,118,127,140,162,171,190,206,218],"optimal":[4,77],"hub-based":[5,232],"platoon":[6,135,144,166],"formation":[7,145,167],"at":[8,36,96,168],"hubs":[9,86,133,169,183,242],"along":[10,22],"a":[11,105,178,246],"highway":[12],"under":[13],"decentralized,":[14],"distributed,":[15],"and":[16,45,142,164,209,243,252],"centralized":[17,143,165,219,253],"policies.":[18,254],"Hubs":[19],"are":[20,193,228],"locations":[21],"highways":[23],"where":[24,63,84],"trucks":[25,30,48,95,103],"can":[26,244],"wait":[27],"for":[28,117,161,231],"other":[29],"to":[31,67,92,195],"form":[32,53],"platoons.":[33,54],"A":[34],"coordinator":[35],"each":[37],"hub":[38,51,98],"decides":[39],"departure":[41],"time":[42],"of":[43,102,129,189],"trucks,":[44],"released":[47],"from":[49],"will":[52],"The":[55,187],"problem":[56,62],"is":[57,66,91],"cast":[58],"as":[59,234],"an":[60],"optimization":[61],"objective":[65],"maximize":[68],"platooning":[70,233],"reward.":[71],"We":[72,111],"first":[73],"show":[74],"that":[75,225],"release":[78,93,115,220],"policy":[79,208],"in":[80,184],"decentralized":[82,191,226],"case,":[83],"do":[87,236],"not":[88,237],"exchange":[89,131,150,240],"information,":[90],"all":[94],"when":[99],"number":[101],"exceeds":[104],"threshold":[106],"computed":[107],"by":[108],"dynamic":[109,172],"programming.":[110],"develop":[112,157],"efficient":[113],"approximate":[114],"policies":[116,146,192,227],"dependent":[119],"arrival":[120],"case":[121],"using":[122,170],"this":[123,154],"result.":[124],"To":[125,153],"study":[126,139,180],"value":[128],"information":[130,149,239],"among":[132,151,241],"on":[134],"formation,":[136],"we":[137,156,176],"next":[138],"distributed":[141,163,207,251],"which":[147],"require":[148,238],"hubs.":[152],"end,":[155],"receding":[158],"horizon":[159],"solutions":[160,230],"programming":[173],"technique.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"perform":[177],"simulation":[179],"over":[181],"three":[182],"northern":[185],"Sweden.":[186],"profits":[188],"shown":[194],"be":[196],"approximately":[197],"<inline-formula":[198,210],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[199,211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[200,212],"<tex-math":[201,213],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3.5\\%$</tex-math>":[202],"</inline-formula>":[203,215],"lower":[204,216],"than":[205,217],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$8\\%$</tex-math>":[214],"policy.":[221],"observation":[223],"suggests":[224],"prominent":[229],"they":[235],"achieve":[245],"similar":[247],"performance":[248],"compared":[249],"with":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}