{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387986977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3325424","title":"Stochastic Optimal Intervention for Robot-Assisted Crowd Evacuation","display_name":"Stochastic Optimal Intervention for Robot-Assisted Crowd Evacuation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387986977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3325424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3325424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3325424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025153376","display_name":"Dianjie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-5307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianjie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","State Key Laboratory of High-End Server and Storage Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-5307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of High-End Server and Storage Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028538102","display_name":"Guijuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guijuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","State Key Laboratory of High-End Server and Storage Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-8668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of High-End Server and Storage Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013643572","display_name":"Xiaohua Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-8302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-8302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75299511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"3812","last_page":"3827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5447694659233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5252630114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.44988471269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.4246358871459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3510785698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34858277440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32330793142318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15642252564430237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5447694659233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5252630114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.44988471269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4246358871459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3510785698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34858277440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32330793142318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15642252564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3325424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3325424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1820134740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CityU 11211422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416096167","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u76845G\u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edcD2D\u5206\u53d1\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5075139433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7532886069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8227429975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R1012-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488202234","https://openalex.org/W1556713689","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1965969360","https://openalex.org/W1970206276","https://openalex.org/W1981439420","https://openalex.org/W2003152501","https://openalex.org/W2015410655","https://openalex.org/W2024556687","https://openalex.org/W2082699228","https://openalex.org/W2102393901","https://openalex.org/W2105082024","https://openalex.org/W2120704557","https://openalex.org/W2126157959","https://openalex.org/W2132505539","https://openalex.org/W2142943472","https://openalex.org/W2163536651","https://openalex.org/W2244336737","https://openalex.org/W2291111649","https://openalex.org/W2342601507","https://openalex.org/W2416427529","https://openalex.org/W2502413221","https://openalex.org/W2583260348","https://openalex.org/W2605944858","https://openalex.org/W2739961324","https://openalex.org/W2788968543","https://openalex.org/W2791084881","https://openalex.org/W2797880127","https://openalex.org/W2804853022","https://openalex.org/W2893595748","https://openalex.org/W2898559182","https://openalex.org/W2901747954","https://openalex.org/W2911318350","https://openalex.org/W2945187923","https://openalex.org/W2967073627","https://openalex.org/W2997310378","https://openalex.org/W3024294774","https://openalex.org/W3043039054","https://openalex.org/W3094388997","https://openalex.org/W3109766860","https://openalex.org/W3111667710","https://openalex.org/W3117063880","https://openalex.org/W3132265229","https://openalex.org/W3135629694","https://openalex.org/W3158879299","https://openalex.org/W3185158994","https://openalex.org/W3197405529","https://openalex.org/W4226052655","https://openalex.org/W4226229365","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4294646504","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6748352936","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6755501974","https://openalex.org/W6755695105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W8302103","https://openalex.org/W4294163344","https://openalex.org/W3171631314","https://openalex.org/W2674584172","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3114279067","https://openalex.org/W2581059419","https://openalex.org/W2401800146","https://openalex.org/W1603042966","https://openalex.org/W2612216462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robot-assisted":[0],"interventions":[1],"are":[2],"often":[3],"provided":[4],"for":[5,88,215],"crowd":[6,32,47,90,105,177,182,204],"evacuation":[7,48,183,205],"to":[8,58,83,99,146,180,212],"prevent":[9,193],"accidents":[10],"and":[11,51,68,127,164,199],"keep":[12],"crowds":[13],"safety,":[14],"which":[15,35],"is":[16,36,97,136,155,210],"currently":[17],"a":[18,37,78,139,152],"hot":[19],"topic":[20],"of":[21,31,95,104,113,162,196,203],"research.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,29,41,46,53,64,85,93,101,110,117,133,148,159,166,194,201],"existing":[25],"work":[26],"has":[27],"ignored":[28],"impact":[30],"motion":[33,178],"chaos":[34,67,96,114,118,197],"fundamental":[38],"factor":[39],"determining":[40],"effective":[42],"evacuation.":[43,91],"To":[44,73],"assist":[45],"more":[49],"efficiently":[50],"reduce":[52],"intervention":[54,81,135,142,149],"costs,":[55],"robots":[56],"need":[57],"identify":[59],"destructive":[60],"individuals":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63],"randomly":[65],"evolved":[66],"intervene":[69],"in":[70],"them":[71],"specifically.":[72],"this":[74],"end,":[75],"we":[76,108,173],"propose":[77],"stochastic":[79,111,128,140],"optimal":[80,86,141],"method":[82,191,209],"provide":[84,213],"strategies":[87],"robot-assisted":[89,134],"First,":[92],"definition":[94],"introduced":[98],"quantify":[100],"chaotic":[102],"degree":[103],"movement.":[106],"Then,":[107],"study":[109],"evolution":[112],"by":[115,157],"exploring":[116],"state":[119],"transition":[120],"with":[121],"marked":[122],"temporal":[123],"point":[124],"process":[125],"(MTPP)":[126],"differential":[129],"equations":[130],"(SDEs).":[131],"Next,":[132],"formulated":[137],"as":[138],"problem":[143],"that":[144,189],"seeks":[145],"maximize":[147],"utility.":[150],"Fortunately,":[151],"closed-form":[153],"solution":[154],"obtained":[156],"using":[158],"Bellman\u2019s":[160],"principle":[161],"optimality":[163],"solving":[165],"derived":[167],"Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman":[168],"(HJB)":[169],"equation.":[170],"At":[171],"last,":[172],"develop":[174],"an":[175],"event-driven":[176],"system":[179],"simulate":[181],"process.":[184],"The":[185,207],"simulation":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"our":[190],"can":[192],"occurrence":[195],"effectively,":[198],"improve":[200],"efficiency":[202],"significantly.":[206],"proposed":[208],"expected":[211],"guidance":[214],"emergency":[216],"management.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}