{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388469941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3323010","title":"Deconstructing Pedestrian Crossing Decisions in Interactions With Continuous Traffic: An Anthropomorphic Model","display_name":"Deconstructing Pedestrian Crossing Decisions in Interactions With Continuous Traffic: An Anthropomorphic Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388469941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3323010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3323010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3323010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/78677.html>","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021747412","display_name":"Kai Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-7964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-7964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019237761","display_name":"Gustav Markkula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-1582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustav Markkula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-1582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054213642","display_name":"Chongfeng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongfeng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-509X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076251162","display_name":"Yee Mun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee Mun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078075851","display_name":"Ruth Madigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-8012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Madigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-8012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109275414","display_name":"Toshiya Hirose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiya Hirose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059540023","display_name":"Natasha Merat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Merat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022268696","display_name":"Richard Romano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Romano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-4077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8830044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"2466","last_page":"2478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.8571722507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-crossing","display_name":"Pedestrian crossing","score":0.7470297813415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7012065649032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.5138192772865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.4607269763946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4283186197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32227492332458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2595093846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1730143129825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1406204104423523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8571722507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777819797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8010","display_name":"Pedestrian crossing","level":3,"score":0.7470297813415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7012065649032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.5138192772865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.4607269763946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4283186197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32227492332458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2595093846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1730143129825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1406204104423523}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3323010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3323010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:378681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/78677.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:210255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:378681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/78677.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2763691572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S005056/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486397745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R008833/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4748445076","display_name":"COMMOTIONS: Computational Models of Traffic Interactions for Testing of Automated Vehicles","funder_award_id":"EP/S005056/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150113242","https://openalex.org/W1967096914","https://openalex.org/W1980985548","https://openalex.org/W1981018178","https://openalex.org/W1985066049","https://openalex.org/W1987194151","https://openalex.org/W2016151598","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2068695398","https://openalex.org/W2070113224","https://openalex.org/W2071671348","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2168822013","https://openalex.org/W2214973140","https://openalex.org/W2409518417","https://openalex.org/W2477110048","https://openalex.org/W2572202106","https://openalex.org/W2581057164","https://openalex.org/W2766530738","https://openalex.org/W2788178650","https://openalex.org/W2788224919","https://openalex.org/W2800381837","https://openalex.org/W2885381360","https://openalex.org/W2940962072","https://openalex.org/W2946306611","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W3011630888","https://openalex.org/W3011742000","https://openalex.org/W3160317559","https://openalex.org/W3172448013","https://openalex.org/W3202756218","https://openalex.org/W4200216236","https://openalex.org/W4226512930","https://openalex.org/W4241780302","https://openalex.org/W4248967692","https://openalex.org/W4281781129","https://openalex.org/W4285489769","https://openalex.org/W4286285652","https://openalex.org/W4381094706","https://openalex.org/W6606151959","https://openalex.org/W6732513145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899977359","https://openalex.org/W187110833","https://openalex.org/W1630669003","https://openalex.org/W2905794575","https://openalex.org/W122740207","https://openalex.org/W4388221821","https://openalex.org/W650967530","https://openalex.org/W4390813505","https://openalex.org/W2164690004","https://openalex.org/W1486225309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"attention":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"drawn":[4],"to":[5,36,57,116,135,156,228],"computational":[6],"pedestrian":[7,31,84,139,152,167,231],"behavior":[8,141],"models":[9],"aimed":[10],"at":[11,87],"understanding":[12],"the":[13,26,49,70,124,160,182,189,193],"interaction":[14],"mechanisms":[15,29],"between":[16],"pedestrians":[17,203],"and":[18,98,137,158],"vehicles.":[19],"Nevertheless,":[20],"existing":[21],"research":[22,79],"lacks":[23],"exploration":[24],"of":[25,30,51,73,123,195],"underlying":[27],"behavioral":[28],"crossing":[32,74,85,102,113,119,168,196,232],"decisions,":[33],"which":[34],"leads":[35],"unrealistic":[37],"modeling":[38,175,220],"results.":[39],"In":[40,121],"particular,":[41],"when":[42],"dealing":[43],"with":[44,90],"continuous":[45,91,209],"traffic":[46,62,92,128,143,172,184,210],"flow":[47,63,93],"scenarios,":[48],"concept":[50],"waiting":[52,140],"time":[53],"is":[54,132,177],"frequently":[55],"used":[56],"account":[58],"for":[59],"all":[60,171],"intricate":[61],"effects.":[64],"Moreover,":[65,188],"very":[66],"few":[67],"studies":[68],"considered":[69],"time-dynamic":[71,118],"nature":[72],"decisions.":[75,120,197],"To":[76],"address":[77],"these":[78],"limitations,":[80],"this":[81],"study":[82],"deconstructs":[83],"decisions":[86,169,233],"uncontrolled":[88],"intersections":[89],"through":[94],"a":[95,108,127,149,226],"cognitive":[96],"process":[97],"proposes":[99],"an":[100],"anthropomorphic":[101,230],"decision":[103],"model.":[104,161],"Specifically,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"novel":[109],"visual":[110,213],"collision":[111,214],"cue-based":[112],"decision-initiation":[114],"model":[115,138,164,190],"characterize":[117],"light":[122],"risk-aversion":[125],"theory,":[126],"gap":[129,185],"comparison":[130,186],"strategy":[131],"put":[133],"forward":[134],"explain":[136],"in":[142,208,234],"flow.":[144],"Two":[145],"datasets":[146],"collected":[147],"from":[148],"CAVE-based":[150],"immersive":[151],"simulator":[153],"are":[154],"applied":[155],"calibrate":[157],"validate":[159],"The":[162,174],"proposed":[163,183],"accurately":[165,191],"predicts":[166],"across":[170],"scenarios.":[173],"performance":[176],"significantly":[178],"enhanced":[179],"by":[180],"considering":[181],"strategy.":[187],"captures":[192],"timing":[194],"This":[198],"work":[199],"concisely":[200],"demonstrates":[201],"how":[202],"dynamically":[204],"adapt":[205],"their":[206],"crossings":[207],"based":[211],"on":[212],"cues,":[215],"potentially":[216],"offering":[217],"insights":[218],"into":[219],"pedestrian-vehicle":[221],"interactions":[222],"or":[223],"serving":[224],"as":[225],"tool":[227],"realize":[229],"simulators.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
