{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387448148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3319531","title":"Self-Supervise Reinforcement Learning Method for Vacant Parking Space Detection Based on Task Consistency and Corrupted Rewards","display_name":"Self-Supervise Reinforcement Learning Method for Vacant Parking Space Detection Based on Task Consistency and Corrupted Rewards","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387448148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3319531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3319531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3319531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494275","display_name":"Manh-Hung Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148201","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05hzn5427","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manh-Hung Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Electronic Engineering, HCM University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-4610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Electronic Engineering, HCM University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110974771","display_name":"Tzu-Yin Chao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Yin Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025303735","display_name":"Ching-Chun Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-8262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Chun Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-8262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048205934","display_name":"Yung\u2010Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113837","display_name":"Taiwan Forestry Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01d34a364","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26359584","https://openalex.org/I4210113837"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research Center, Hon Hai Research Institute, New Taipei City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-3689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research Center, Hon Hai Research Institute, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074744839","display_name":"Ching-Chun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-5083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Chun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-5083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45085901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"1346","last_page":"1363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7073391675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6986453533172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6949663758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6044928431510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5642947554588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5155589580535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5117923617362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-consistency","display_name":"Local consistency","score":0.4633491635322571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.42670440673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4264223575592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","score":0.16381308436393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15120068192481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.1027260422706604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7073391675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6986453533172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6949663758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6044928431510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5642947554588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5155589580535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5117923617362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137105694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407510","display_name":"Local consistency","level":4,"score":0.4633491635322571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.42670440673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4264223575592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.16381308436393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15120068192481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.1027260422706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3319531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3319531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8511664603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2022-43","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317450","funder_display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317450","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05hzn5427"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1989678138","https://openalex.org/W2061787843","https://openalex.org/W2062305893","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2095641144","https://openalex.org/W2107909313","https://openalex.org/W2112074624","https://openalex.org/W2142961876","https://openalex.org/W2147348211","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2346557011","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2547329159","https://openalex.org/W2603777577","https://openalex.org/W2606854773","https://openalex.org/W2796500071","https://openalex.org/W2798644314","https://openalex.org/W2799171885","https://openalex.org/W2804451008","https://openalex.org/W2895692661","https://openalex.org/W2899328950","https://openalex.org/W2948606739","https://openalex.org/W2962762068","https://openalex.org/W2964185501","https://openalex.org/W2990211277","https://openalex.org/W3000642679","https://openalex.org/W3006802933","https://openalex.org/W3042693249","https://openalex.org/W3129648592","https://openalex.org/W3147033215","https://openalex.org/W3158768875","https://openalex.org/W3174851543","https://openalex.org/W3212622989","https://openalex.org/W4206423911","https://openalex.org/W4298082496","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6753772092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592998112","https://openalex.org/W1965377399","https://openalex.org/W1510768092","https://openalex.org/W2611003898","https://openalex.org/W4243135923","https://openalex.org/W2230808081","https://openalex.org/W2145696022","https://openalex.org/W2540973786","https://openalex.org/W2171997565","https://openalex.org/W1564991550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,13,30,38,66,82,141,187],"novel":[4,83],"task-consistency":[5,51],"learning":[6,68,100,154],"method":[7],"that":[8,42,102,175],"enables":[9],"us":[10],"to":[11,86,107,121,139,160,185],"train":[12,186],"vacant":[14,142,188],"space":[15,143,189],"detection":[16,49,128],"network":[17,61],"(target":[18],"task)":[19,36],"based":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,26,43,73,92,116,130,137,157],"logic":[23],"consistency":[24,147,179],"with":[25,125],"semantic":[27,77,146],"outcomes":[28],"from":[29,191],"flow-based":[31],"motion":[32],"behavior":[33],"classifier":[34],"(source":[35],"in":[37,65,166],"parking":[39],"lot.":[40],"Note":[41],"source":[44],"task":[45,178],"can":[46,62,181],"introduce":[47,81],"false":[48],"during":[50],"learning,":[52],"which":[53],"implies":[54],"noisy":[55,95,177],"rewards":[56],"or":[57],"supervision.":[58],"The":[59,152],"target":[60],"be":[63,161,182],"trained":[64],"reinforcement":[67],"setting":[69],"by":[70],"appropriately":[71],"designing":[72],"reward":[74],"mechanism":[75,180],"upon":[76],"consistency.":[78],"We":[79],"also":[80,114],"symmetric":[84,112],"constraint":[85,113],"detect":[87],"corrupted":[88,99,109],"samples":[89,120],"and":[90,164],"reduce":[91],"effect":[93],"of":[94,133],"rewards.":[96],"Unlike":[97],"conventional":[98,126],"methods":[101],"use":[103],"only":[104],"training":[105,119],"losses":[106],"identify":[108],"samples,":[110],"our":[111,134,176],"explores":[115],"relationship":[117],"among":[118],"improve":[122],"performance.":[123],"Compared":[124],"supervised":[127,150],"methods,":[129],"main":[131],"contribution":[132],"work":[135],"is":[136],"ability":[138],"learn":[140],"detector":[144,159,190],"via":[145],"rather":[148],"than":[149],"labels.":[151],"dynamic":[153],"property":[155],"allows":[156],"proposed":[158],"easily":[162],"deployed":[163],"updated":[165],"various":[167],"lots":[168],"without":[169],"heavy":[170],"human":[171],"loads.":[172],"Experiments":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"successfully":[183],"applied":[184],"scratch.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
