{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386590230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3309644","title":"Vehicle-Mounted Adaptive Traffic Sign Detector for Small-Sized Signs in Multiple Working Conditions","display_name":"Vehicle-Mounted Adaptive Traffic Sign Detector for Small-Sized Signs in Multiple Working Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386590230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3309644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3309644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3309644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28335/3/FullText.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075649212","display_name":"Junfan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-2875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693929","display_name":"Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5919-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103129268","display_name":"Xiaoyue Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyue Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-5215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517548","display_name":"Zhekang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhekang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068219856","display_name":"Mingyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-9526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-9526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022822400","display_name":"Chun Sing Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Sing Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London, U.K","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7606,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95765418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"710","last_page":"724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.609853208065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5961849689483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.5220844149589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4814033508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4094587564468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3948381543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37651634216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34077972173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3375495672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3112671971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19130614399909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12266692519187927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.609853208065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5961849689483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.5220844149589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4814033508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4094587564468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3948381543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37651634216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34077972173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3375495672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3112671971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19130614399909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12266692519187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3309644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3309644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/28335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28335","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28335/3/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/28335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28335","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28335/3/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2001978013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022C01062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566134554","https://openalex.org/W2046812143","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2179317868","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2480140235","https://openalex.org/W2562637781","https://openalex.org/W2769986739","https://openalex.org/W2962951509","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963466723","https://openalex.org/W2970268874","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W3004860639","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3090907207","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3108566774","https://openalex.org/W3124953441","https://openalex.org/W3138006590","https://openalex.org/W3147590024","https://openalex.org/W3157402434","https://openalex.org/W3165651119","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3179092682","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3201006331","https://openalex.org/W3202618425","https://openalex.org/W3204014438","https://openalex.org/W4210667216","https://openalex.org/W4220773165","https://openalex.org/W4226042837","https://openalex.org/W4285176535","https://openalex.org/W4289812647","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4312183515","https://openalex.org/W4312823573","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6771223598","https://openalex.org/W6792148081","https://openalex.org/W6796874202","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6913011054","https://openalex.org/W6945244495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2110143569","https://openalex.org/W2547328273","https://openalex.org/W746432122","https://openalex.org/W643638081","https://openalex.org/W1582770384","https://openalex.org/W2369781462","https://openalex.org/W564764569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"sign":[1,28,50,152],"detection":[2,29,96,142,156,182,184,200],"is":[3,60,71,78,117],"of":[4,10,25,68,98,125,140,179,202],"great":[5],"significance":[6],"to":[7,80,136,161,164,193],"the":[8,11,66,69,90,95,122,138,155,165],"development":[9],"Intelligent":[12],"Transportation":[13],"System":[14],"(ITS)":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,46,82,199],"database":[18],"for":[19,53],"environmental":[20,187],"awareness.":[21],"The":[22,119,144,167],"main":[23],"challenges":[24],"existing":[26],"traffic":[27,49,151],"method":[30,146],"are":[31],"inaccurate":[32],"small":[33,99,180],"object":[34,181],"detection,":[35],"difficult":[36],"mobile":[37],"deployment,":[38],"and":[39,94,127,154,186,197],"complex":[40],"working":[41,58],"environment.":[42],"Based":[43],"on":[44,149],"these,":[45],"vehicle-mounted":[47],"adaptive":[48,113],"detector":[51,70,169],"(VATSD)":[52],"small-sized":[54],"signs":[55],"in":[56,62,177],"multiple":[57,134],"conditions":[59,135],"proposed":[61,145,168],"this":[63],"paper.":[64],"First,":[65],"Backbone":[67],"optimized.":[72],"A":[73],"feature":[74,84,91],"tight":[75],"fusion":[76],"structure":[77],"designed":[79],"constitute":[81],"new":[83],"extraction":[85,92],"module,":[86],"DCSP,":[87],"which":[88],"improves":[89],"capability":[93],"accuracy":[97,139,157],"objects":[100],"with":[101,111],"negligible":[102],"additional":[103],"parameters.":[104],"Second,":[105],"an":[106,112],"image":[107],"enhancement":[108],"network":[109],"IENet":[110,120],"joint":[114],"filtering":[115],"strategy":[116],"proposed.":[118],"enables":[121],"dynamic":[123],"selection":[124],"filters":[126],"thus":[128],"adaptively":[129],"optimizes":[130],"low-quality":[131],"images":[132],"under":[133],"improve":[137],"subsequent":[141],"tasks.":[143],"has":[147],"experimented":[148],"three":[150],"datasets":[153],"increased":[158],"by":[159],"up":[160],"7.6%":[162],"compared":[163],"original.":[166],"demonstrates":[170],"superiority":[171],"over":[172],"other":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"(SOTA)":[175],"methods":[176],"terms":[178],"accuracy,":[183],"speed,":[185],"adaptability.":[188],"Further,":[189],"we":[190],"deployed":[191],"VATSD":[192],"Jetson":[194],"Xavier":[195],"NX":[196],"achieved":[198],"speed":[201],"21.6":[203],"FPS,":[204],"meeting":[205],"real-time":[206],"requirements.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}