{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386432186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3308716","title":"LT-SEI: Long-Tailed Specific Emitter Identification Based on Decoupled Representation Learning in Low-Resource Scenarios","display_name":"LT-SEI: Long-Tailed Specific Emitter Identification Based on Decoupled Representation Learning in Low-Resource Scenarios","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386432186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3308716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3308716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3308716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000550322","display_name":"Haoran Zha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-3919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-3919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005110668","display_name":"Hanhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089925486","display_name":"Zhongming Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-2178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongming Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-2178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114079757","display_name":"Zhenyu Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, University of National Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, University of National Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652052","display_name":"Wenjun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-9017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-9017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654737","display_name":"Yuanzhi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-3038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Science, Beijing, PLA, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-3038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Science, Beijing, PLA, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778980","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98656557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"929","last_page":"943"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7332007884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6003764271736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.5716533660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5414483547210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.493026465177536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4638376832008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4548429250717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45444023609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.44705265760421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4301585853099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39399853348731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30658668279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.13820457458496094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7332007884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6003764271736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.5716533660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5414483547210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.493026465177536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4638376832008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4548429250717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45444023609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.44705265760421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4301585853099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39399853348731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30658668279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.13820457458496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3308716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3308716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1582923779","display_name":"\u901a\u4fe1\u8bbe\u5907\u5c04\u9891\u6307\u7eb9\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321939","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981647260","https://openalex.org/W1996523702","https://openalex.org/W2013084169","https://openalex.org/W2049588903","https://openalex.org/W2052035846","https://openalex.org/W2059957370","https://openalex.org/W2089255914","https://openalex.org/W2097715699","https://openalex.org/W2101377736","https://openalex.org/W2103614420","https://openalex.org/W2118140010","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2119498311","https://openalex.org/W2145326061","https://openalex.org/W2536442339","https://openalex.org/W2612634114","https://openalex.org/W2766742395","https://openalex.org/W2773816290","https://openalex.org/W2793583679","https://openalex.org/W2796157539","https://openalex.org/W2798381792","https://openalex.org/W2810417023","https://openalex.org/W2885604786","https://openalex.org/W2901578417","https://openalex.org/W2913939497","https://openalex.org/W2936503027","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2968563406","https://openalex.org/W2987656958","https://openalex.org/W3012340965","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3016634017","https://openalex.org/W3020179824","https://openalex.org/W3025036301","https://openalex.org/W3034601242","https://openalex.org/W3035054804","https://openalex.org/W3035916362","https://openalex.org/W3075060036","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3100973209","https://openalex.org/W3103904664","https://openalex.org/W3104706117","https://openalex.org/W3108690444","https://openalex.org/W3108962068","https://openalex.org/W3117266371","https://openalex.org/W3138585968","https://openalex.org/W3157604772","https://openalex.org/W3166596953","https://openalex.org/W3172086939","https://openalex.org/W3172135703","https://openalex.org/W3177200443","https://openalex.org/W3188615767","https://openalex.org/W3188672418","https://openalex.org/W3196349267","https://openalex.org/W3203770998","https://openalex.org/W4205273399","https://openalex.org/W4212837331","https://openalex.org/W4213219795","https://openalex.org/W4214623538","https://openalex.org/W4283454851","https://openalex.org/W4285816253","https://openalex.org/W4289535849","https://openalex.org/W4289538608","https://openalex.org/W4289821916","https://openalex.org/W4290996499","https://openalex.org/W4292807179","https://openalex.org/W4292971553","https://openalex.org/W4293094410","https://openalex.org/W4312920106","https://openalex.org/W4381436553","https://openalex.org/W6780957418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W3048601286","https://openalex.org/W2965925734","https://openalex.org/W4309346246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97],"the":[1,28,39,67,72,84,87,91,95,118,153,165,173,177,183,187,190,203],"case":[2],"of":[3,11,30,44,86,93,186,202],"COVID-19,":[4],"which":[5,128,196],"requires":[6],"stable":[7],"and":[8,83,126,132,156],"reliable":[9],"tracking":[10],"personnel":[12],"movement,":[13],"aircraft":[14,33,73,144],"identification":[15,19,107],"by":[16,34],"specific":[17,105],"emitter":[18,106],"(SEI)":[20],"is":[21,141,181,197],"a":[22,45,102],"hot-button":[23],"issue.":[24],"It":[25],"refers":[26],"to":[27,59,158],"process":[29,120],"identifying":[31],"individual":[32],"comparing":[35],"features":[36],"extracted":[37],"from":[38],"Radio":[40],"Frequency":[41],"(RF)":[42],"signal":[43,74,88],"given":[46],"aircraft.":[47],"Deep":[48],"learning":[49,119,125],"(DL)":[50],"has":[51,167],"been":[52],"widely":[53],"used":[54],"in":[55,66,81,152],"SEI":[56],"research":[57],"due":[58],"its":[60],"excellent":[61],"feature":[62],"extraction":[63],"capability,":[64],"but":[65],"actual":[68],"low-resource":[69],"reception":[70],"scenario,":[71],"data":[75,89,150,178],"acquired":[76],"for":[77,189],"training":[78,94,131],"are":[79],"long-tailed":[80,104],"distribution,":[82],"imbalance":[85,179],"increases":[90],"challenge":[92],"network.":[96],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,116],"propose":[101],"novel":[103],"(LT-SEI)":[108],"method":[109,166],"using":[110,143],"decoupled":[111],"representation":[112,124],"(DR)":[113],"learning.":[114,135],"Specifically,":[115],"separate":[117],"into":[121],"two":[122],"stages:":[123],"classification,":[127],"includes":[129],"unbalanced":[130],"balanced":[133],"classifier":[134],"The":[136],"proposed":[137],"DR-based":[138],"LT-SEI":[139],"approach":[140],"assessed":[142],"Automatic":[145],"Dependent":[146],"Surveillance":[147],"Broadcast":[148],"(ADS-B)":[149],"collected":[151],"real":[154],"world":[155],"compared":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"methods.":[160,175],"Experiment":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164,201],"better":[168],"long-tail":[169],"recognition":[170,191],"performance":[171],"than":[172,200],"existing":[174],"When":[176],"factor":[180],"0.01,":[182],"F1":[184],"score":[185],"model":[188],"result":[192],"can":[193],"reach":[194],"71.2%,":[195],"9%":[198],"higher":[199],"baseline":[204],"model.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
