{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385323544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3292278","title":"Vehicle Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Review of Algorithms and Datasets","display_name":"Vehicle Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Review of Algorithms and Datasets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385323544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3292278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3292278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3292278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076221093","display_name":"Jules Karangwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-6431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jules Karangwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361920","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044289321","display_name":"Zixuan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7051-7421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076221093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98258199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"11568","last_page":"11594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6717844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5803622603416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5621778964996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5329868197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5120773911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4907473027706146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-detection","display_name":"Radar detection","score":0.47958889603614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.42127281427383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4094398617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32841187715530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29322659969329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09254863858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.08191686868667603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6717844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5803622603416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5621778964996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5329868197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5120773911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4907473027706146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.47958889603614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.42127281427383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4094398617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32841187715530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29322659969329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09254863858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.08191686868667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3292278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3292278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1527336764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2100060053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1770052939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4848329531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2208085J17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":333,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1567041090","https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1655862407","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1920022804","https://openalex.org/W1938028523","https://openalex.org/W1967659990","https://openalex.org/W1973394488","https://openalex.org/W1982584225","https://openalex.org/W1986940113","https://openalex.org/W1988854889","https://openalex.org/W1990684564","https://openalex.org/W2012313888","https://openalex.org/W2024455271","https://openalex.org/W2046335673","https://openalex.org/W2050547330","https://openalex.org/W2063411532","https://openalex.org/W2066730339","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2090890830","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2102936639","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2112196714","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2117510534","https://openalex.org/W2119042759","https://openalex.org/W2132891752","https://openalex.org/W2139262811","https://openalex.org/W2143146388","https://openalex.org/W2145938889","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2153567056","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2173891962","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2214320435","https://openalex.org/W2220750102","https://openalex.org/W2237765446","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2281954672","https://openalex.org/W2298202085","https://openalex.org/W2302574575","https://openalex.org/W2332920698","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2344934580","https://openalex.org/W2405334833","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2443717701","https://openalex.org/W2501987428","https://openalex.org/W2514264612","https://openalex.org/W2516344357","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2551797136","https://openalex.org/W2552971263","https://openalex.org/W2555182955","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2556802233","https://openalex.org/W2558294288","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2591860465","https://openalex.org/W2606804382","https://openalex.org/W2609057791","https://openalex.org/W2614543743","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2737234477","https://openalex.org/W2741151098","https://openalex.org/W2765261394","https://openalex.org/W2768489488","https://openalex.org/W2775216572","https://openalex.org/W2778764040","https://openalex.org/W2789895176","https://openalex.org/W2791003324","https://openalex.org/W2795374598","https://openalex.org/W2798297823","https://openalex.org/W2798777114","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2799162093","https://openalex.org/W2805964635","https://openalex.org/W2806332096","https://openalex.org/W2810240468","https://openalex.org/W2872491670","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2884355388","https://openalex.org/W2885089463","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2897806143","https://openalex.org/W2899607431","https://openalex.org/W2901642215","https://openalex.org/W2902854891","https://openalex.org/W2904140919","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914821954","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2934198733","https://openalex.org/W2936404177","https://openalex.org/W2937753789","https://openalex.org/W2940863872","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2952819818","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2962780374","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2962928871","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963179609","https://openalex.org/W2963226018","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2963299996","https://openalex.org/W2963342610","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963402592","https://openalex.org/W2963438049","https://openalex.org/W2963721253","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963890956","https://openalex.org/W2963927307","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964093967","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2967098543","https://openalex.org/W2967324759","https://openalex.org/W2967740791","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2968847206","https://openalex.org/W2969150231","https://openalex.org/W2970095196","https://openalex.org/W2971198903","https://openalex.org/W2981857055","https://openalex.org/W2981949127","https://openalex.org/W2981983525","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2986097283","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2989940015","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W2996102538","https://openalex.org/W2997814983","https://openalex.org/W2998330714","https://openalex.org/W3000171824","https://openalex.org/W3000280594","https://openalex.org/W3004135102","https://openalex.org/W3005455080","https://openalex.org/W3006643904","https://openalex.org/W3008105217","https://openalex.org/W3009067308","https://openalex.org/W3011463348","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3015461837","https://openalex.org/W3016404858","https://openalex.org/W3017056634","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3034236957","https://openalex.org/W3034263263","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3034494113","https://openalex.org/W3034602892","https://openalex.org/W3034604951","https://openalex.org/W3034681945","https://openalex.org/W3034716310","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035346742","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3035708560","https://openalex.org/W3037058446","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3046327418","https://openalex.org/W3081387904","https://openalex.org/W3088243512","https://openalex.org/W3089401811","https://openalex.org/W3089903748","https://openalex.org/W3090139470","https://openalex.org/W3091870167","https://openalex.org/W3102510148","https://openalex.org/W3104141662","https://openalex.org/W3105556985","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3107479685","https://openalex.org/W3109154950","https://openalex.org/W3112503277","https://openalex.org/W3113028524","https://openalex.org/W3113968283","https://openalex.org/W3114281349","https://openalex.org/W3116244992","https://openalex.org/W3116493117","https://openalex.org/W3118132944","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3120061487","https://openalex.org/W3120351402","https://openalex.org/W3120926185","https://openalex.org/W3122633743","https://openalex.org/W3126163744","https://openalex.org/W3129347733","https://openalex.org/W3129605393","https://openalex.org/W3153585670","https://openalex.org/W3173112500","https://openalex.org/W3174654838","https://openalex.org/W3174692508","https://openalex.org/W3175269419","https://openalex.org/W3175703004","https://openalex.org/W3181190968","https://openalex.org/W3183881215","https://openalex.org/W3187263517","https://openalex.org/W3201719054","https://openalex.org/W3205640189","https://openalex.org/W3205688521","https://openalex.org/W3206593131","https://openalex.org/W3207649350","https://openalex.org/W3207950313","https://openalex.org/W3208800609","https://openalex.org/W3209102426","https://openalex.org/W3209907784","https://openalex.org/W3213006350","https://openalex.org/W4205088062","https://openalex.org/W4205206101","https://openalex.org/W4205342993","https://openalex.org/W4206102606","https://openalex.org/W4214777292","https://openalex.org/W4220729567","https://openalex.org/W4221053356","https://openalex.org/W4221145330","https://openalex.org/W4221167453","https://openalex.org/W4225339769","https://openalex.org/W4225517120","https://openalex.org/W4225555528","https://openalex.org/W4226098442","https://openalex.org/W4226345352","https://openalex.org/W4226439325","https://openalex.org/W4240514091","https://openalex.org/W4241598216","https://openalex.org/W4246118670","https://openalex.org/W4255904966","https://openalex.org/W4280492519","https://openalex.org/W4281773987","https://openalex.org/W4283275051","https://openalex.org/W4285209317","https://openalex.org/W4287554952","https://openalex.org/W4293406525","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4296049105","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4300768229","https://openalex.org/W4304942965","https://openalex.org/W4308148751","https://openalex.org/W4308211562","https://openalex.org/W4312309370","https://openalex.org/W4312437143","https://openalex.org/W4312501532","https://openalex.org/W4312543476","https://openalex.org/W4312546175","https://openalex.org/W4312564076","https://openalex.org/W4312576316","https://openalex.org/W4312916565","https://openalex.org/W4312931360","https://openalex.org/W4313016521","https://openalex.org/W4313124918","https://openalex.org/W4313153185","https://openalex.org/W4313431522","https://openalex.org/W4319878982","https://openalex.org/W4320002769","https://openalex.org/W4323655432","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386083129","https://openalex.org/W4390872807","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6681158678","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6717372056","https://openalex.org/W6730410022","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6749810415","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6753228762","https://openalex.org/W6756751353","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6760662419","https://openalex.org/W6761481031","https://openalex.org/W6772253573","https://openalex.org/W6776142756","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6779207416","https://openalex.org/W6780503301","https://openalex.org/W6783151319","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6787964330","https://openalex.org/W6788009311","https://openalex.org/W6797574089","https://openalex.org/W6797589674","https://openalex.org/W6809950564","https://openalex.org/W6845244044","https://openalex.org/W6847824622","https://openalex.org/W6850991308","https://openalex.org/W6960192163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"vehicles":[1,27,145],"with":[2],"a":[3,116],"high":[4],"level":[5],"of":[6,16,37,45,63,93,119,143],"automation":[7],"are":[8],"being":[9],"driven":[10],"everywhere.":[11],"With":[12],"the":[13,38,42,77,91,140],"apparent":[14],"success":[15],"autonomous":[17,26,47,94,111,144,170],"driving":[18],"technology,":[19],"we":[20,97,114,138],"keep":[21],"working":[22],"to":[23,165],"achieve":[24],"fully":[25],"on":[28],"roads.":[29],"Efficient":[30],"and":[31,80,88,103,122,133,146,163],"accurate":[32],"vehicle":[33,53,83,108,124,153,174],"detection":[34,54,84,109,125],"is":[35],"one":[36],"essential":[39],"tasks":[40],"in":[41,61,90,110,169,173],"environment":[43],"perception":[44],"an":[46],"vehicle.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"numerous":[50],"algorithms":[51],"for":[52,82,107,149],"have":[55,65],"been":[56,67],"developed.":[57],"However,":[58],"their":[59,86],"strengths":[60],"terms":[62],"performance":[64],"not":[66],"deeply":[68],"assessed":[69],"or":[70],"highlighted":[71],"yet.":[72],"This":[73],"work":[74],"comprehensively":[75],"reviews":[76],"existing":[78,104],"methods":[79],"datasets":[81,106],"considering":[85],"performances":[87],"applications":[89],"field":[92],"driving.":[95,112],"First,":[96],"briefly":[98],"describe":[99],"tasks,":[100],"evaluation":[101],"criteria,":[102],"public":[105],"Second,":[113],"provide":[115,147],"rigorous":[117],"review":[118,157],"both":[120],"classical":[121],"latest":[123],"methods,":[126],"including":[127],"machine":[128],"vision-based,":[129],"mmWave":[130],"radar-based,":[131],"LiDAR-based,":[132],"sensor":[134],"fusion-based":[135],"methods.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"analyze":[139],"pertinent":[141],"challenges":[142],"recommendations":[148],"future":[150],"works":[151,162],"concerning":[152],"detection.":[154,175],"The":[155],"present":[156],"covers":[158],"over":[159],"300":[160],"research":[161],"aims":[164],"help":[166],"researchers":[167],"interested":[168],"driving,":[171],"especially":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
