{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382203325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3285609","title":"Experimental Study and Modeling of the Lower-Level Controller of Automated Vehicle","display_name":"Experimental Study and Modeling of the Lower-Level Controller of Automated Vehicle","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382203325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3285609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3285609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3285609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951213","display_name":"Huaqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-987X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua-Qing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066893205","display_name":"Shiteng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Teng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-6793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083813855","display_name":"Rui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-5388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023476533","display_name":"Junfang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Institute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-0387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Institute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010021584","display_name":"Ruidong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruidong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-6489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079082159","display_name":"Fang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0792"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Idriverplus Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-0792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Idriverplus Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081233814","display_name":"Dezhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Idriverplus Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Idriverplus Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101951213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81445604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"11733","last_page":"11742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7718466520309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.673608660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5627219080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5357797145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.5278021097183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4981534481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.4674454927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.44197216629981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4387880265712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.42366713285446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3634628653526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.33873048424720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3350386619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.1814573109149933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1652013063430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15707483887672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09434178471565247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7718466520309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.673608660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5627219080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5357797145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.5278021097183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4981534481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4674454927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.44197216629981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4387880265712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42366713285446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3634628653526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33873048424720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3350386619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.1814573109149933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1652013063430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15707483887672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09434178471565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3285609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3285609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578729447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71931002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7601323162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72288101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W1973688634","https://openalex.org/W1982474156","https://openalex.org/W1991638565","https://openalex.org/W1994402784","https://openalex.org/W2006096402","https://openalex.org/W2007718857","https://openalex.org/W2027480971","https://openalex.org/W2033199043","https://openalex.org/W2041923740","https://openalex.org/W2048186868","https://openalex.org/W2050219131","https://openalex.org/W2067530543","https://openalex.org/W2084952317","https://openalex.org/W2090811169","https://openalex.org/W2098955201","https://openalex.org/W2137505842","https://openalex.org/W2140464472","https://openalex.org/W2146404773","https://openalex.org/W2199000878","https://openalex.org/W2487175822","https://openalex.org/W2526634643","https://openalex.org/W2529546888","https://openalex.org/W2584373657","https://openalex.org/W2611350544","https://openalex.org/W2619584778","https://openalex.org/W2661568310","https://openalex.org/W2734024016","https://openalex.org/W2773468264","https://openalex.org/W2790935900","https://openalex.org/W2800079132","https://openalex.org/W2887438675","https://openalex.org/W2905135376","https://openalex.org/W2909906617","https://openalex.org/W2926447569","https://openalex.org/W2943934820","https://openalex.org/W2945884779","https://openalex.org/W2989690784","https://openalex.org/W2991578746","https://openalex.org/W2996603995","https://openalex.org/W3010174734","https://openalex.org/W3012051065","https://openalex.org/W3017204849","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3026911476","https://openalex.org/W3037320068","https://openalex.org/W3104139880","https://openalex.org/W3111320405","https://openalex.org/W3123094418","https://openalex.org/W3150181197","https://openalex.org/W3161642229","https://openalex.org/W3176572632","https://openalex.org/W3183427237","https://openalex.org/W3184674885","https://openalex.org/W3190164688","https://openalex.org/W3191365901","https://openalex.org/W3216310445","https://openalex.org/W4224085741","https://openalex.org/W6661022196","https://openalex.org/W6727828973","https://openalex.org/W6798673114","https://openalex.org/W6810357615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1971289376","https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W2016976804","https://openalex.org/W2023869315","https://openalex.org/W4382406683","https://openalex.org/W2784113758","https://openalex.org/W2174006685","https://openalex.org/W2791791851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"modeling":[1],"of":[2,13,95,119,123,129,144],"lower-level":[3,61,146],"controller":[4],"plays":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,86],"the":[10,49,55,78,82,88,93,96,107,110,116,120,124,127,142],"traffic":[11,121,131],"flow":[12,122],"automated":[14],"vehicles":[15,36],"(AVs).":[16],"However,":[17],"there":[18],"lacks":[19],"enough":[20],"attention":[21],"with":[22,34,40,68,106],"this":[23,27],"respect.":[24],"To":[25],"address":[26],"issue,":[28],"we":[29],"conduct":[30],"a":[31],"field":[32,56],"experiment":[33],"two":[35,59,69,83,111],"that":[37,77,104],"are":[38,64],"equipped":[39],"developable":[41],"autonomous":[42],"driving":[43],"system,":[44],"where":[45],"one":[46],"can":[47],"customize":[48],"upper-level":[50],"control":[51,62,147],"algorithm.":[52],"Based":[53],"on":[54,141],"experimental":[57],"data,":[58],"new":[60],"models":[63,80,85,113],"developed":[65],"and":[66,126],"compared":[67],"widely":[70],"used":[71],"ones.":[72],"The":[73],"comparison":[74],"results":[75],"show":[76],"proposed":[79,108],"outperform":[81],"previous":[84,112],"capturing":[87],"observed":[89],"actual":[90],"acceleration,":[91],"especially":[92],"troughs":[94],"acceleration":[97],"time":[98],"series.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"theoretical":[101],"analysis":[102],"indicates":[103],"comparing":[105],"models,":[109],"significantly":[114],"overestimate":[115],"stability":[117],"region":[118],"AVs":[125],"capacity":[128],"stable":[130],"flow.":[132],"Our":[133],"study":[134],"is":[135],"expected":[136],"to":[137],"further":[138],"shed":[139],"light":[140],"importance":[143],"accurate":[145],"modeling.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
