{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377000487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3275070","title":"Driver Head Pose Detection From Naturalistic Driving Data","display_name":"Driver Head Pose Detection From Naturalistic Driving Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377000487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3275070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3275070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3275070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063748018","display_name":"Weiheng Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-6397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiheng Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-6397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030992210","display_name":"Jiajing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-4132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-4132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006977037","display_name":"Jiyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-720X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-720X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004337702","display_name":"Senem Velipasalar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senem Velipasalar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-1555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029056115","display_name":"Archana Venkatachalapathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archana Venkatachalapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-4538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069415522","display_name":"Yaw Adu\u2010Gyamfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-9792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaw Adu-Gyamfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039722899","display_name":"Jennifer Merickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-9110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Merickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-9110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018879445","display_name":"Anuj Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-5120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063748018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74203231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"9368","last_page":"9377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6791468858718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.639424741268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.6265154480934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6090689301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5568458437919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4881194531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.4612196385860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1311122179031372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6791468858718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.639424741268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6265154480934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6090689301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5568458437919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4881194531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.4612196385860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1311122179031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3275070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3275070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332393","display_name":"Federal Highway Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/0473rr271"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116278252","https://openalex.org/W1643185111","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1964232317","https://openalex.org/W1983628226","https://openalex.org/W2142578527","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2401423285","https://openalex.org/W2510763477","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2607679123","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2765944838","https://openalex.org/W2778625752","https://openalex.org/W2783719297","https://openalex.org/W2809976972","https://openalex.org/W2903703049","https://openalex.org/W2914465653","https://openalex.org/W2918626955","https://openalex.org/W2943235166","https://openalex.org/W2952280482","https://openalex.org/W2953265847","https://openalex.org/W2962835718","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963609956","https://openalex.org/W2965056781","https://openalex.org/W2965179392","https://openalex.org/W2978697990","https://openalex.org/W2989682887","https://openalex.org/W2990503944","https://openalex.org/W3012546716","https://openalex.org/W3015619088","https://openalex.org/W3110295718","https://openalex.org/W3119371261","https://openalex.org/W3158405343","https://openalex.org/W3173621652","https://openalex.org/W3214466607","https://openalex.org/W4214612132","https://openalex.org/W4238610237","https://openalex.org/W4292829068","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4310863182","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6713041906","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6744580074","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6761937618","https://openalex.org/W6786802102","https://openalex.org/W6955071965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2736638679","https://openalex.org/W4306804934","https://openalex.org/W4313046826","https://openalex.org/W1968716783","https://openalex.org/W1589930024","https://openalex.org/W2103413230","https://openalex.org/W2018638282","https://openalex.org/W2116300362","https://openalex.org/W2138569648","https://openalex.org/W2360851659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"behavior":[1],"analysis":[2],"plays":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,41,50,182],"driver":[8],"assistance":[9],"systems.":[10],"A":[11],"driver\u2019s":[12,24,103,136],"face":[13],"and":[14,26],"head":[15,78,104],"pose":[16,79,105],"hold":[17],"the":[18,23,30,69,75,84,123,135,176],"key":[19,132],"towards":[20],"understanding":[21],"whether":[22],"attention":[25],"concentration":[27],"are":[28],"on":[29,134,158],"road":[31],"while":[32],"driving.":[33],"Naturalistic":[34],"driving":[35],"studies":[36],"(NDS)":[37],"allow":[38],"observing":[39],"drivers":[40],"real-time":[42],"under":[43],"naturalistic":[44,107],"traffic":[45],"conditions.":[46],"Yet,":[47],"data":[48],"collected":[49],"NDS":[51],"often":[52],"comprise":[53],"low-resolution":[54],"videos":[55],"usually":[56],"with":[57,144,150],"more":[58,81],"challenging":[59],"camera":[60,70,114],"positions":[61],"compared":[62],"to":[63,100],"controlled":[64],"studies.":[65],"For":[66],"instance,":[67],"when":[68],"is":[71],"not":[72],"directly":[73,121],"facing":[74,122],"driver,":[76],"classifying":[77],"becomes":[80,89],"challenging,":[82],"since":[83],"variation":[85],"between":[86],"different":[87,98,152,160],"classes":[88],"much":[90],"smaller.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"three":[97,141,151],"approaches":[99,126,143],"classify":[101],"a":[102,113,116,128,169],"from":[106],"videos,":[108],"which":[109],"were":[110],"captured":[111],"by":[112,154,180],"providing":[115],"side":[117],"view,":[118],"instead":[119],"of":[120,130,184],"driver.":[124],"These":[125],"employ":[127],"sequence":[129],"five":[131],"points":[133],"face.":[137],"We":[138],"compare":[139],"these":[140],"proposed":[142,166],"each":[145],"other":[146],"as":[147,149],"well":[148],"baselines":[153],"using":[155],"leave-one-driver-out":[156],"cross-validation":[157],"nine":[159],"drivers.":[161],"Results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"our":[165],"method":[167],"employing":[168],"Bidirectional":[170],"Gated":[171],"Recurrent":[172],"Unit":[173],"(BiGRU)":[174],"outperforms":[175],"best":[177],"performing":[178],"baseline":[179],"11%":[181],"terms":[183],"overall":[185],"accuracy.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
