{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366147540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3266727","title":"RS-Aug: Improve 3D Object Detection on LiDAR With Realistic Simulator Based Data Augmentation","display_name":"RS-Aug: Improve 3D Object Detection on LiDAR With Realistic Simulator Based Data Augmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366147540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3266727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3266727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3266727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004476352","display_name":"Pei An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pei An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025149321","display_name":"Junxiong Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxiong Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101807673","display_name":"Jie Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658754","display_name":"Yanfei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-9679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101812804","display_name":"Liheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-5036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658700","display_name":"You Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336301","display_name":"Qiong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-806X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004476352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82363479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"10165","last_page":"10176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8392754197120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6733551025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.624965250492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5533591508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5484141707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5246767401695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.46970412135124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4618344306945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.41211998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3844367563724518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2821517586708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.166849285364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11513128876686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07822158932685852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8392754197120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6733551025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.624965250492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5533591508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5484141707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5246767401695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.46970412135124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4618344306945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.41211998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3844367563724518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2821517586708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.166849285364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11513128876686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07822158932685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3266727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3266727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2613911948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1913602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4078445847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61991412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4585860438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB2103501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5536481466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988440394","https://openalex.org/W2118631462","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2529970009","https://openalex.org/W2740578684","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2936459520","https://openalex.org/W2946113904","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W3003225285","https://openalex.org/W3003437478","https://openalex.org/W3008105217","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3034543232","https://openalex.org/W3034716600","https://openalex.org/W3084053805","https://openalex.org/W3089503906","https://openalex.org/W3094807175","https://openalex.org/W3116564952","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3130804049","https://openalex.org/W3134233478","https://openalex.org/W3154675411","https://openalex.org/W3166089996","https://openalex.org/W3182476454","https://openalex.org/W3183784042","https://openalex.org/W3187263517","https://openalex.org/W3207950313","https://openalex.org/W3216568609","https://openalex.org/W3217335336","https://openalex.org/W4252023983","https://openalex.org/W4289435420","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W4312739686","https://openalex.org/W4312752444","https://openalex.org/W4312889164","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6772253573","https://openalex.org/W6775319580","https://openalex.org/W6791548515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"detection":[1,14],"and":[2,23,52,146,204,227,282],"ranging":[3],"(LiDAR)":[4],"is":[5,129,142,213],"an":[6,56,172],"essential":[7],"sensor":[8],"for":[9],"three":[10],"dimensional":[11],"(3D)":[12],"object":[13,50,117,244,254,280,287],"via":[15],"generating":[16],"3D":[17,49,116,152],"point":[18],"cloud":[19],"of":[20,40,48,68,111,127,174,199,211,239,251,266,277,284],"the":[21,30,46,69,73,109,124,138,147,165,208,217,222,231,248,252,263],"surroundings,":[22],"it":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"widely":[27],"used":[28,135],"in":[29,62,119],"various":[31],"visual":[32],"applications,":[33],"especially":[34],"autonomous":[35],"driving.":[36],"However,":[37,151],"limited":[38],"numbers":[39],"labeled":[41,74],"LiDAR":[42,132],"datasets":[43],"brutally":[44],"restrain":[45],"development":[47],"detector,":[51],"this":[53,63],"situation":[54],"breeds":[55],"urgent":[57],"demand":[58],"on":[59,168,195,216,286],"data":[60,97],"augmentation":[61,98,215],"field.":[64],"By":[65],"far,":[66],"most":[67],"traditional":[70],"methods":[71],"reuse":[72],"samples,":[75],"while":[76],"those":[77],"unlabeled":[78],"are":[79,134,158],"hastily":[80],"untaken.":[81],"Motivated":[82],"by":[83],"this,":[84],"we":[85,235],"propose":[86,171,236],"a":[87,120,237],"<underline":[88,92],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[89,93,178,187,269],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R</u>":[90],"ealistic":[91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">S</u>":[94],"imulator":[95],"based":[96,243,279],"(RS-Aug).":[99],"It":[100,193,246],"aims":[101],"to":[102,107,136,144],"construct":[103,137],"augmented":[104],"real":[105,218],"scenes":[106],"enrich":[108],"diversity":[110],"training":[112],"dataset.":[113],"To":[114,220],"train":[115],"detector":[118],"supervised":[121],"learning":[122],"way,":[123],"first":[125],"step":[126,210],"RS-Aug":[128,212,285],"auto-annotation.":[130,169],"Time-continuous":[131],"frames":[133],"dense":[139],"scene,":[140],"which":[141],"beneficial":[143],"annotation":[145],"subsequent":[148],"rendering":[149,214,223,275],"augmentation.":[150],"points":[153,201],"with":[154,230],"incorrect":[155],"semantic":[156,197],"labels":[157,198],"naturally":[159],"gathered":[160],"during":[161],"multi-view":[162],"reconstruction,":[163],"causing":[164],"negative":[166],"effect":[167],"We":[170],"algorithm":[173],"cluster":[175],"guided":[176],"<inline-formula":[177,186,268],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[179,188,270],"<tex-math":[180,189,271],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$":[181,190,272],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[182,191,273],"-nearest":[183],"neighbor":[184],"(c-":[185],"NN).":[192],"emphasizes":[194],"de-nosing":[196],"clustered":[200],"using":[202,225],"distance":[203,228],"intensity":[205],"constraints.":[206],"Then,":[207],"next":[209],"scene.":[219],"enhance":[221],"quality":[224,276],"collision":[226],"constraints":[229],"less":[232],"computation":[233],"complexity,":[234],"scheme":[238],"heuristic":[240],"search":[241],"(HS)":[242],"insertion.":[245],"estimates":[247],"proper":[249],"position":[250],"inserted":[253],"from":[255],"2D":[256],"bird\u2019s":[257],"eye":[258],"view":[259],"(BEV).":[260],"Experiments":[261],"demonstrate":[262],"de-noising":[264],"accuracy":[265],"c-":[267],"NN,":[274],"HS":[278],"insertion,":[281],"improvement":[283],"detection.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}