{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327661448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3254442","title":"Railway Cyber-Security in the Era of Interconnected Systems: A Survey","display_name":"Railway Cyber-Security in the Era of Interconnected Systems: A Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327661448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3254442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3254442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3254442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071248912","display_name":"Simone Soderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Soderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063494900","display_name":"Daniele Masti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Masti","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055990607","display_name":"Yuriy Zacchia Lun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-8773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuriy Zacchia Lun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071248912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.6862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9953302,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"6764","last_page":"6779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7420065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6327153444290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45356225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35358795523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.22403573989868164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7420065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6327153444290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45356225967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35358795523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22403573989868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3254442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3254442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77083600","https://openalex.org/W1844882241","https://openalex.org/W1918535139","https://openalex.org/W1990179502","https://openalex.org/W2017689600","https://openalex.org/W2033839066","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2083658929","https://openalex.org/W2097494045","https://openalex.org/W2129586531","https://openalex.org/W2135324887","https://openalex.org/W2146024157","https://openalex.org/W2159594015","https://openalex.org/W2317290577","https://openalex.org/W2319310916","https://openalex.org/W2338324883","https://openalex.org/W2411925053","https://openalex.org/W2479839617","https://openalex.org/W2493553945","https://openalex.org/W2536179434","https://openalex.org/W2588754431","https://openalex.org/W2603626180","https://openalex.org/W2605049500","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2626860826","https://openalex.org/W2725659361","https://openalex.org/W2769993665","https://openalex.org/W2775737669","https://openalex.org/W2788238888","https://openalex.org/W2886341256","https://openalex.org/W2892759841","https://openalex.org/W2899125593","https://openalex.org/W2902685184","https://openalex.org/W2922510204","https://openalex.org/W2945678878","https://openalex.org/W2949193783","https://openalex.org/W2980131799","https://openalex.org/W2999499020","https://openalex.org/W3001758448","https://openalex.org/W3002465186","https://openalex.org/W3011274353","https://openalex.org/W3021201221","https://openalex.org/W3036004649","https://openalex.org/W3100571116","https://openalex.org/W3120726845","https://openalex.org/W3131991398","https://openalex.org/W3135358761","https://openalex.org/W3144955302","https://openalex.org/W3169289700","https://openalex.org/W3174606250","https://openalex.org/W3176857194","https://openalex.org/W3196020550","https://openalex.org/W4224932126","https://openalex.org/W4225002503","https://openalex.org/W4240226086","https://openalex.org/W4251421280","https://openalex.org/W4283820634","https://openalex.org/W4289382560","https://openalex.org/W4301490668","https://openalex.org/W4302802311","https://openalex.org/W6603173816","https://openalex.org/W6606947906","https://openalex.org/W6630458439","https://openalex.org/W6794077587","https://openalex.org/W6803870237","https://openalex.org/W6812742317","https://openalex.org/W6840616175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technological":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,10,59,111],"the":[3,11,23,28,44,52,60,70,98,102,119,129,172],"telecommunications":[4],"industry":[5,20,61,174],"have":[6,26,34],"brought":[7],"significant":[8],"advantages":[9],"management":[12],"and":[13,56,64,74,90,121,148,152,158],"performance":[14],"of":[15,47,101,104],"communication":[16,91],"networks.":[17],"The":[18],"railway":[19,48,107,173],"is":[21],"among":[22],"ones":[24],"that":[25,123],"benefited":[27],"most.":[29],"These":[30],"interconnected":[31],"systems,":[32],"however,":[33],"a":[35,137],"wide":[36],"area":[37],"exposed":[38],"to":[39,62,83,95,117,127,146,171],"cyberattacks.":[40],"This":[41],"survey":[42],"examines":[43],"cybersecurity":[45,66],"aspects":[46],"systems":[49],"by":[50],"considering":[51],"standards,":[53],"guidelines,":[54],"frameworks,":[55],"technologies":[57,92],"used":[58],"assess":[63],"mitigate":[65],"risks,":[67],"particularly":[68],"regarding":[69],"relationship":[71],"between":[72],"safety":[73],"security.":[75],"To":[76],"do":[77],"so,":[78],"we":[79,113,135],"dedicate":[80],"specific":[81],"attention":[82],"signaling,":[84],"which":[85],"fundamental":[86],"reliance":[87],"on":[88,116,139],"computer":[89,150],"allows":[93],"us":[94],"explore":[96],"better":[97],"multifaceted":[99],"nature":[100],"security":[103,131],"modern":[105],"hyperconnected":[106],"systems.":[108],"With":[109],"this":[110],"mind,":[112],"then":[114],"move":[115],"analyzing":[118],"approaches":[120],"tools":[122],"practitioners":[124],"can":[125],"use":[126,167],"facilitate":[128],"cyber":[130,140],"process.":[132],"In":[133],"detail,":[134],"present":[136],"view":[138],"ranges":[141],"as":[142],"an":[143],"enabling":[144],"technology":[145],"model":[147],"emulate":[149],"networks":[151],"attack-defense":[153],"scenarios,":[154],"study":[155],"vulnerabilities\u2019":[156],"impact,":[157],"finally":[159],"devise":[160],"countermeasures.":[161],"We":[162],"also":[163],"discuss":[164],"several":[165],"possible":[166],"cases":[168],"strongly":[169],"connected":[170],"reality.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
