{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323338596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3249909","title":"Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detection","display_name":"Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323338596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3249909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3249909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3249909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344369","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5168-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107006657","display_name":"Jie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7192-2207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Boden AI Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Boden AI Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660306","display_name":"Wan\u2010Lei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-447X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Lei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110706108","display_name":"Song-Yuan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song-Yuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Boden AI Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Boden AI Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100344369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91158856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"6416","last_page":"6424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.8343737125396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8232415318489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8042610883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7451615929603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7140656113624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5687811970710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5427120327949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5215535163879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5142102241516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3392655849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1219397783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09919342398643494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.8343737125396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8232415318489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8042610883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7451615929603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7140656113624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5687811970710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5427120327949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5215535163879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5142102241516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3392655849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1219397783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09919342398643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3249909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2023.3249909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6510028675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8375933051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2560544142","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2605189827","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2886335102","https://openalex.org/W2889985731","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2909392985","https://openalex.org/W2954174912","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2962807143","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963323244","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2969987486","https://openalex.org/W2981857055","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2997684984","https://openalex.org/W3034479628","https://openalex.org/W3035254347","https://openalex.org/W3035651586","https://openalex.org/W3099319035","https://openalex.org/W3114509423","https://openalex.org/W3128100939","https://openalex.org/W3138006590","https://openalex.org/W3169690993","https://openalex.org/W3170984066","https://openalex.org/W3173668541","https://openalex.org/W3175233244","https://openalex.org/W3176319743","https://openalex.org/W3193939309","https://openalex.org/W3204439495","https://openalex.org/W3204728859","https://openalex.org/W4200629618","https://openalex.org/W4214558638","https://openalex.org/W4238100585","https://openalex.org/W4312242710","https://openalex.org/W6686211706","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6767379092","https://openalex.org/W6792148081","https://openalex.org/W6799331316","https://openalex.org/W6881746212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312559648","https://openalex.org/W2095705906","https://openalex.org/W1967061043","https://openalex.org/W4224011692","https://openalex.org/W2019566805","https://openalex.org/W2975200075","https://openalex.org/W2931206373","https://openalex.org/W2007544051","https://openalex.org/W2732308154","https://openalex.org/W2613186388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28],"3D":[1,63,137,155],"object":[2,64,138,156],"detection":[3,20,65,95,126,139,157],"is":[4,15,67,72,150],"the":[5,9,19,51,75,80,86,94,103,112,131,135,153,162,169,172],"key":[6],"issue":[7,14],"in":[8,165],"autonomous":[10],"driving":[11],"system.":[12],"This":[13],"particularly":[16],"challenging":[17],"when":[18],"only":[21],"relies":[22],"on":[23],"a":[24,60,90],"single":[25],"perspective":[26],"camera.":[27],"anchor-free":[29],"and":[30,41,53,171],"keypoint-based":[31],"models":[32],"receive":[33],"increasing":[34],"attention":[35],"recently":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,50,82,130],"their":[39],"effectiveness":[40],"simplicity.":[42],"However,":[43],"most":[44],"of":[45,55,85,89,167],"these":[46],"methods":[47],"are":[48,128],"vulnerable":[49],"occlusion":[52],"truncation":[54],"objects.":[56,105],"In":[57,106],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"single-stage":[61],"monocular":[62,136,154],"model":[66,76,81],"proposed.":[68],"An":[69],"instance-segmentation":[70],"head":[71],"integrated":[73],"into":[74],"training,":[77],"which":[78,117],"allows":[79],"be":[83],"aware":[84],"visible":[87],"shape":[88],"target":[91,104],"object.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"largely":[96],"avoids":[97],"interference":[98],"from":[99],"irrelevant":[100],"regions":[101],"surrounding":[102],"addition,":[107],"we":[108],"also":[109],"reveal":[110],"that":[111],"popular":[113,170],"IoU-based":[114],"evaluation":[115,143,174],"metrics,":[116],"were":[118],"originally":[119],"designed":[120],"for":[121,152],"evaluating":[122],"stereo":[123],"or":[124],"LiDAR-based":[125],"methods,":[127],"insensitive":[129],"improvement":[132],"achieved":[133],"by":[134],"algorithms.":[140],"A":[141],"novel":[142],"metric,":[144],"namely":[145],"average":[146],"depth":[147],"similarity":[148],"(ADS)":[149],"proposed":[151,173],"models.":[158],"Our":[159],"method":[160],"outperforms":[161],"comparison":[163],"baseline":[164],"terms":[166],"both":[168],"metrics":[175],"while":[176],"maintaining":[177],"real-time":[178],"efficiency.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}