{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317385013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","title":"Safety-Compliant Generative Adversarial Networks for Human Trajectory Forecasting","display_name":"Safety-Compliant Generative Adversarial Networks for Human Trajectory Forecasting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317385013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3233906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/10086684/10021224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/10086684/10021224.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034984370","display_name":"Parth Kothari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parth Kothari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068504559","display_name":"Alexandre Alahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Alahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034984370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96144947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"4251","last_page":"4261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.9487787485122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8871728181838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6891517639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5793922543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5783051252365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5419548153877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.514039158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.49970221519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4800173342227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.43476828932762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.42881307005882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24092525243759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10648959875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09876534342765808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.9487787485122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8871728181838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6891517639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5793922543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5783051252365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5419548153877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.514039158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.49970221519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4800173342227936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.43476828932762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.42881307005882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24092525243759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10648959875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09876534342765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/10086684/10021224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:297706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/297706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3233906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/10086684/10021224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317385013.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317385013.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970206276","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2148985659","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2345324220","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2532516272","https://openalex.org/W2557519264","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2607296803","https://openalex.org/W2738686478","https://openalex.org/W2766836212","https://openalex.org/W2890001928","https://openalex.org/W2922040811","https://openalex.org/W2940129212","https://openalex.org/W2946271756","https://openalex.org/W2948479456","https://openalex.org/W2948971113","https://openalex.org/W2951870359","https://openalex.org/W2962687116","https://openalex.org/W2962871283","https://openalex.org/W2963001155","https://openalex.org/W2963165299","https://openalex.org/W2963353290","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2964079724","https://openalex.org/W2964230007","https://openalex.org/W2964768983","https://openalex.org/W2969294606","https://openalex.org/W2985871763","https://openalex.org/W2991245167","https://openalex.org/W2991653934","https://openalex.org/W2996960095","https://openalex.org/W3003235888","https://openalex.org/W3004201988","https://openalex.org/W3006499365","https://openalex.org/W3014259726","https://openalex.org/W3034634510","https://openalex.org/W3035096461","https://openalex.org/W3035285524","https://openalex.org/W3035692480","https://openalex.org/W3097237405","https://openalex.org/W3105576200","https://openalex.org/W3115517346","https://openalex.org/W3147170926","https://openalex.org/W3155186850","https://openalex.org/W3160050461","https://openalex.org/W3177182010","https://openalex.org/W3195924537","https://openalex.org/W4206209964","https://openalex.org/W4213130097","https://openalex.org/W4287286358","https://openalex.org/W4308613868","https://openalex.org/W4312265233","https://openalex.org/W4312610636","https://openalex.org/W4313041951","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6692550842","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6741657115","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6752001723","https://openalex.org/W6758480864","https://openalex.org/W6765361892","https://openalex.org/W6774042139","https://openalex.org/W6775519646","https://openalex.org/W6785918537","https://openalex.org/W6791732101","https://openalex.org/W6846640067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005996785","https://openalex.org/W2412510955","https://openalex.org/W3119931323","https://openalex.org/W2295976830","https://openalex.org/W2564929713","https://openalex.org/W4280544492","https://openalex.org/W2477261615","https://openalex.org/W4293320219","https://openalex.org/W2809882560","https://openalex.org/W2952936466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"trajectory":[1],"forecasting":[2],"in":[3,37,42,59,132],"crowds":[4],"presents":[5],"the":[6,18,89,95,106,121,146],"challenges":[7],"of":[8,20,148],"modelling":[9,77,84],"social":[10,91],"interactions":[11,92],"and":[12,78,141],"outputting":[13],"collision-free":[14],"multimodal":[15,153],"distribution.":[16],"Following":[17],"success":[19],"Social":[21],"Generative":[22],"Adversarial":[23],"Networks":[24],"(SGAN),":[25],"recent":[26],"works":[27],"propose":[28],"various":[29],"GAN-based":[30],"designs":[31],"to":[32,49,87,150],"better":[33,93],"model":[34,60],"human":[35,90],"motion":[36],"crowds.":[38],"Despite":[39],"superior":[40],"performance":[41],"reducing":[43],"distance-based":[44],"metrics,":[45],"current":[46],"networks":[47],"fail":[48],"output":[50],"socially":[51],"acceptable":[52],"trajectories,":[53],"as":[54],"evidenced":[55],"by":[56],"high":[57],"collisions":[58],"predictions.":[61],"To":[62],"counter":[63],"this,":[64],"we":[65,144],"introduce":[66],"SGANv2:":[67],"an":[68],"improved":[69],"safety-compliant":[70],"SGAN":[71],"architecture":[72],"equipped":[73],"with":[74],"spatio-temporal":[75,83],"interaction":[76],"a":[79,113,129],"transformer-based":[80,96],"discriminator.":[81],"The":[82],"ability":[85],"helps":[86],"learn":[88],"while":[94],"discriminator":[97,108],"design":[98],"improves":[99],"temporal":[100],"sequence":[101],"modelling.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"SGANv2":[104,149],"utilizes":[105],"learned":[107],"even":[109],"at":[110],"test-time":[111],"via":[112],"collaborative":[114],"sampling":[115],"strategy":[116],"that":[117],"not":[118],"only":[119],"refines":[120],"colliding":[122],"trajectories":[123],"but":[124],"also":[125],"prevents":[126],"mode":[127],"collapse,":[128],"common":[130],"phenomenon":[131],"GAN":[133],"training.":[134],"Through":[135],"extensive":[136],"experimentation":[137],"on":[138],"multiple":[139],"real-world":[140],"synthetic":[142],"datasets,":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"efficacy":[147],"provide":[151],"socially-compliant":[152],"trajectories.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
