{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377000496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3221275","title":"Are Reactions to Ego Vehicles Predictable Without Data?: A Semi-Supervised Approach","display_name":"Are Reactions to Ego Vehicles Predictable Without Data?: A Semi-Supervised Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377000496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3221275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3221275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3221275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059976423","display_name":"Hyeongseok Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeongseok Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Adavanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejon, South Korea","Advanced Technology Research and Development Center, MORAI Inc, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Adavanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research and Development Center, MORAI Inc, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032573421","display_name":"Sanmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicular Systems Design and Control Laboratory, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-6570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicular Systems Design and Control Laboratory, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103075381","display_name":"Kibeom Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-7116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kibeom Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Future Mobility, Autonomous Systems Laboratory, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Future Mobility, Autonomous Systems Laboratory, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101531643","display_name":"Daejun Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-8316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095514","display_name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc3t321","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daejun Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research and Development Center, Smart Car Research and Development Division, Korea Automotive Technology Institute (KATECH), Chungnam, Cheonan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research and Development Center, Smart Car Research and Development Division, Korea Automotive Technology Institute (KATECH), Chungnam, Cheonan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110942988","display_name":"Junwon Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Bio-Engineering, Signal Processing and Artificial-intelligence Laboratory, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3733-0148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Bio-Engineering, Signal Processing and Artificial-intelligence Laboratory, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091555350","display_name":"Dongsuk Kum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsuk Kum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicular Systems Design and Control Laboratory, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-4845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicular Systems Design and Control Laboratory, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62934288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"6477","last_page":"6490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.741728663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6537771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6234346628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6207004189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6040335893630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.4956306219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4929649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49242958426475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4705391526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4283922016620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.41520100831985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id-ego-and-super-ego","display_name":"Id, ego and super-ego","score":0.4142213761806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35614681243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09495657682418823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.741728663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6537771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6234346628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6207004189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6040335893630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4956306219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4929649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49242958426475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4705391526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4283922016620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.41520100831985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9180747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486893","display_name":"Id, ego and super-ego","level":2,"score":0.4142213761806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35614681243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09495657682418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3221275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3221275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6610209068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAIA22AMDP-C162301-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324625","funder_display_name":"Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324625","display_name":"Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxf7n07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343636949","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2607296803","https://openalex.org/W2801667201","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2940129212","https://openalex.org/W2951021014","https://openalex.org/W2952819818","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2962687116","https://openalex.org/W2963001155","https://openalex.org/W2963906196","https://openalex.org/W2967177252","https://openalex.org/W2997985526","https://openalex.org/W3006499365","https://openalex.org/W3013376041","https://openalex.org/W3035671534","https://openalex.org/W3081613680","https://openalex.org/W3107209377","https://openalex.org/W3108486966","https://openalex.org/W3116263883","https://openalex.org/W3116636888","https://openalex.org/W3117590843","https://openalex.org/W3120182457","https://openalex.org/W3129932917","https://openalex.org/W3132231991","https://openalex.org/W3132718927","https://openalex.org/W3139491754","https://openalex.org/W3169575318","https://openalex.org/W3180491419","https://openalex.org/W3205301818","https://openalex.org/W3208105962","https://openalex.org/W3209373652","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4287685696","https://openalex.org/W4287723879","https://openalex.org/W4288287716","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4300962625","https://openalex.org/W4301239768","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6685777803","https://openalex.org/W6730410022","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6748645090","https://openalex.org/W6757521438","https://openalex.org/W6765361892","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767342764","https://openalex.org/W6774042139","https://openalex.org/W6780997902","https://openalex.org/W6782088249","https://openalex.org/W6784071224","https://openalex.org/W6784275320","https://openalex.org/W7015890786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148060700","https://openalex.org/W3080681248","https://openalex.org/W4376646226","https://openalex.org/W3047177827","https://openalex.org/W4287685660","https://openalex.org/W2057778272","https://openalex.org/W4319302697","https://openalex.org/W2986085304","https://openalex.org/W2163389298","https://openalex.org/W205223620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"make":[1],"intelligent":[2],"decisions":[3],"in":[4,55,122,150],"an":[5,49,123,151],"autonomous":[6],"vehicle,":[7,224],"the":[8,12,24,90,99,108,116,119,132,137,145,160,168,191,195,203,217,222,228,232],"system":[9],"must":[10,147],"predict":[11],"future":[13,134,176,219],"reactions":[14],"of":[15,23,136,159,221,235],"surrounding":[16],"vehicles":[17,236],"for":[18,48,182,216],"any":[19],"given":[20],"action":[21],"plan":[22],"ego":[25,120,138,223],"vehicle.":[26,184],"However,":[27],"learning":[28,62,163],"reactive":[29],"trajectories":[30,135,177],"is":[31,53,112,165,187],"challenging":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,67,88,98,104,114,131,166],"scant":[35],"action-reaction":[36,46],"pair":[37],"data.":[38],"That":[39],"is,":[40],"building":[41],"a":[42,60,238],"dataset":[43],"with":[44,64,83],"multiple":[45],"pairs":[47],"identical":[50],"scene":[51],"history":[52,174],"impossible":[54],"reality.":[56],"Here,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"semi-supervised":[61],"framework":[63,74],"auxiliary":[65],"structures":[66],"handle":[68],"this":[69],"problem.":[70],"The":[71,156],"proposed":[72,161],"training":[73,204],"has":[75],"two":[76],"modules:":[77],"Action":[78,109],"Reconstructor":[79,110],"and":[80,93,175,178,194],"Identifier":[81,192],"modules":[82],"corresponding":[84,130],"loss":[85],"functions":[86],"referred":[87],"as":[89,154],"Reconstruction":[91],"Loss":[92],"Association":[94,196],"Loss.":[95],"In":[96],"addition":[97],"conventional":[100],"supervised":[101],"approach":[102],"pertaining":[103],"readily":[105],"available":[106],"data,":[107],"module":[111],"employed":[113],"learn":[115],"dependencies":[117],"on":[118],"vehicle":[121,139],"unsupervised":[124,152,162],"manner.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"reaction":[127,212],"trajectory":[128,220],"data":[129],"augmented":[133,218],"are":[140,199],"not":[141],"available,":[142],"meaning":[143],"that":[144,210,227],"model":[146],"be":[148,214],"trained":[149],"manner":[153],"well.":[155],"main":[157],"idea":[158,186],"method":[164],"find":[167],"identity":[169],"feature":[170],"vector":[171],"from":[172,237],"both":[173],"associate":[179],"these":[180],"features":[181],"each":[183],"This":[185],"realized":[188],"by":[189],"introducing":[190],"network":[193,229],"Loss,":[197],"which":[198,225],"used":[200],"only":[201],"during":[202],"process.":[205],"Interestingly,":[206],"experimental":[207],"results":[208],"show":[209],"plausible":[211],"can":[213,230],"predicted":[215],"indicates":[226],"generalize":[231],"interactive":[233],"behavior":[234],"partially":[239],"labelled":[240],"dataset.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}