{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312768502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208245","title":"RSSI Map-Based Trajectory Design for UGV Against Malicious Radio Source: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"RSSI Map-Based Trajectory Design for UGV Against Malicious Radio Source: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312768502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3208245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103106969","display_name":"Zhaoyang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-4677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076600596","display_name":"Yaoqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-7506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-7506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042452580","display_name":"Weizheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002013103","display_name":"Lu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-036X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-036X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409592","display_name":"Mamoun Alazab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Alazab","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064350184","display_name":"Prosanta Gope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2786-0273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prosanta Gope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2786-0273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817362","display_name":"Chunhua Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92043092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"4641","last_page":"4650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","score":0.823381781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7555031776428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7358370423316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6182509660720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.568302571773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5181073546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.506796658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.49154695868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4786590039730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.4713327884674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.459150493144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45841309428215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3288971185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.2610623836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.18281298875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09396886825561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08953449130058289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031473","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","level":2,"score":0.823381781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7555031776428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7358370423316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6182509660720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.568302571773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5181073546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.506796658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.49154695868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4786590039730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.4713327884674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.459150493144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45841309428215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3288971185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.2610623836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.18281298875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09396886825561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08953449130058289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3208245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095143852","https://openalex.org/W2097615965","https://openalex.org/W2316879520","https://openalex.org/W2568768144","https://openalex.org/W2686075717","https://openalex.org/W2743104312","https://openalex.org/W2770281069","https://openalex.org/W2792690385","https://openalex.org/W2914074287","https://openalex.org/W2990233814","https://openalex.org/W2995225881","https://openalex.org/W2998151488","https://openalex.org/W3005229667","https://openalex.org/W3013279486","https://openalex.org/W3027934792","https://openalex.org/W3033271842","https://openalex.org/W3043674422","https://openalex.org/W3047884290","https://openalex.org/W3048293652","https://openalex.org/W3084000760","https://openalex.org/W3089047966","https://openalex.org/W3096862381","https://openalex.org/W3116877868","https://openalex.org/W3126380805","https://openalex.org/W3130499959","https://openalex.org/W3172752635","https://openalex.org/W3201526997","https://openalex.org/W3204341967","https://openalex.org/W3208577479","https://openalex.org/W3214950431","https://openalex.org/W4200122867","https://openalex.org/W4200299562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930076404","https://openalex.org/W4253519380","https://openalex.org/W2071957557","https://openalex.org/W2596413128","https://openalex.org/W4391249562","https://openalex.org/W2356867392","https://openalex.org/W2782776446","https://openalex.org/W3043170174","https://openalex.org/W2155948905","https://openalex.org/W4324119010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trajectory":[0],"design":[1,64,104,129],"is":[2,46,106],"of":[3,154],"great":[4],"significance":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,28,35,38,48,75,79,90,99,109,120,146,150,155],"intelligent":[8],"Unmanned":[9],"Ground":[10],"Vehicle":[11],"(UGV)":[12],"when":[13],"performing":[14],"various":[15,142],"ground":[16],"tasks.":[17],"Though":[18],"obstacle":[19],"avoidance,":[20],"speed":[21],"control":[22],"and":[23,84,112,152],"other":[24],"movement":[25,76,110],"issues":[26],"in":[27,135],"UGV":[29,39,65,102],"navigation":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"considered":[33],"by":[34],"current":[36],"research,":[37],"path":[40],"planning":[41],"against":[42,67],"malicious":[43,68,80],"radio":[44,69,81],"source":[45,70,82],"off":[47],"beaten":[49],"path.":[50],"To":[51,118],"address":[52],"such":[53],"a":[54,59,125],"research":[55],"gap,":[56],"we":[57,123],"propose":[58,124],"reinforcement":[60,126],"learning-based":[61,127],"scheme":[62],"to":[63],"trajectory":[66,103,128],"as":[71,73],"well":[72],"minimize":[74],"cost.":[77],"Firstly,":[78],"detection":[83],"localization":[85],"models":[86],"are":[87,115,133,139],"introduced":[88],"after":[89],"Received":[91],"Signal":[92],"Strength":[93],"Indicator":[94],"(RSSI)":[95],"map":[96],"establishment.":[97],"Then,":[98],"RSSI":[100],"Map-based":[101],"problem":[105],"formulated,":[107],"where":[108,145],"cost":[111],"security":[113],"risk":[114],"both":[116],"concerned.":[117],"solve":[119],"formed":[121],"problem,":[122],"scheme,":[130],"whose":[131],"complexities":[132],"analyzed":[134],"detail.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"experiments":[138],"conducted":[140],"under":[141],"parameter":[143],"settings,":[144],"simulation":[147],"results":[148],"evaluate":[149],"correctness":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"proposed":[156],"algorithm.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}