{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311165408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208004","title":"A Novel Heterogeneous Network for Modeling Driver Attention With Multi-Level Visual Content","display_name":"A Novel Heterogeneous Network for Modeling Driver Attention With Multi-Level Visual Content","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311165408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3208004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038147203","display_name":"Zhongxu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-7903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359694","display_name":"Yiran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-5320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670298","display_name":"Qinghua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba DAMO Academy Autonomous Driving Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba DAMO Academy Autonomous Driving Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072073374","display_name":"Chen Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89593508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"24343","last_page":"24354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7976769208908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6939013004302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5602933168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5539716482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5134292840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.473898321390152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44977423548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","score":0.44153568148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42883455753326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4163036644458771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4052267074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3707125186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3575955629348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.22685572504997253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7976769208908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6939013004302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5602933168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5539716482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5134292840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.473898321390152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44977423548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.44153568148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42883455753326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4163036644458771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4052267074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3707125186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3575955629348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.22685572504997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3208004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3208004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364924339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W1925d0046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W1934890906","https://openalex.org/W2110019070","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2164084182","https://openalex.org/W2313180542","https://openalex.org/W2529173830","https://openalex.org/W2558906385","https://openalex.org/W2583180462","https://openalex.org/W2605793178","https://openalex.org/W2612135493","https://openalex.org/W2614855966","https://openalex.org/W2773064291","https://openalex.org/W2793668851","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2887806157","https://openalex.org/W2902418641","https://openalex.org/W2903398871","https://openalex.org/W2906722791","https://openalex.org/W2909381593","https://openalex.org/W2922458387","https://openalex.org/W2934625602","https://openalex.org/W2947918549","https://openalex.org/W2955060956","https://openalex.org/W2962608326","https://openalex.org/W2963503775","https://openalex.org/W2963513865","https://openalex.org/W2963525576","https://openalex.org/W2963828885","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2969316698","https://openalex.org/W2994984409","https://openalex.org/W3000513982","https://openalex.org/W3004380600","https://openalex.org/W3007552921","https://openalex.org/W3007724338","https://openalex.org/W3008773459","https://openalex.org/W3009130550","https://openalex.org/W3011872542","https://openalex.org/W3016097197","https://openalex.org/W3021656412","https://openalex.org/W3025659338","https://openalex.org/W3033681523","https://openalex.org/W3034406258","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3040102868","https://openalex.org/W3089943722","https://openalex.org/W3100100339","https://openalex.org/W3101840568","https://openalex.org/W3107323529","https://openalex.org/W3118519864","https://openalex.org/W3124849147","https://openalex.org/W3126721752","https://openalex.org/W3127334354","https://openalex.org/W3128326875","https://openalex.org/W3128389553","https://openalex.org/W3151175129","https://openalex.org/W3156346125","https://openalex.org/W3157039246","https://openalex.org/W3157914904","https://openalex.org/W3165383086","https://openalex.org/W3173398710","https://openalex.org/W3184494646","https://openalex.org/W3194349799","https://openalex.org/W3208271024","https://openalex.org/W3210240180","https://openalex.org/W4210740016","https://openalex.org/W4224115135","https://openalex.org/W4225467065","https://openalex.org/W4226379029","https://openalex.org/W4285290430","https://openalex.org/W4286253093","https://openalex.org/W4286285578","https://openalex.org/W4289823407","https://openalex.org/W4292260879","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6698589804","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6732940373","https://openalex.org/W6738386410","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6754127638","https://openalex.org/W6774099878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2085599877","https://openalex.org/W2081517010","https://openalex.org/W2013209066","https://openalex.org/W2080378089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"attention":[1,90,124,157],"modeling":[2],"is":[3,43,92,126],"a":[4,40,88,122,155],"crucial":[5],"technique":[6],"in":[7,75,85,118],"building":[8,110],"human-centric":[9],"intelligent":[10],"driving":[11],"systems.":[12],"Considering":[13],"the":[14,36,47,52,60,71,82,97,103,111,130,134,138,143,166,176],"human":[15],"visual":[16,22],"mechanism,":[17],"this":[18,86],"study":[19,68],"leverages":[20,70],"multi-level":[21,48],"content,":[23],"including":[24],"low-level":[25],"texture":[26],"features,":[27,114],"middle-level":[28],"optical":[29],"flows,":[30],"and":[31,54,172,178],"high-level":[32],"semantic":[33,65,98,123],"information,":[34,99],"as":[35,184,186],"model":[37,42],"input.":[38],"Subsequently,":[39],"heterogeneous":[41],"proposed":[44,127,167,182],"to":[45,94,128,153,164,189],"handle":[46,102],"input,":[49],"which":[50,115],"integrates":[51],"graph":[53,89,135],"convolutional":[55,107,144],"neural":[56,145],"networks.":[57,146],"Distinguished":[58],"from":[59],"existing":[61,119],"studies":[62],"that":[63],"use":[64],"segmentation,":[66],"our":[67,181],"directly":[69],"objection":[72],"detection":[73],"information":[74],"an":[76],"interpretable":[77],"manner.":[78],"To":[79],"deal":[80],"with":[81,137],"detected":[83],"objects,":[84],"work,":[87],"network":[91,136],"used":[93,117,163],"explicitly":[95],"construct":[96],"rather":[100],"than":[101],"features":[104,150],"extracted":[105],"by":[106],"modules":[108],"for":[109],"latent":[112],"space":[113],"are":[116,151,162],"studies.":[120],"Further,":[121],"module":[125],"integrate":[129],"non-Euclidean":[131],"output":[132],"of":[133,142,180],"Euclidean":[139],"feature":[140],"maps":[141],"Finally,":[147],"these":[148],"integrated":[149],"decoded":[152],"generate":[154],"driver":[156],"map.":[158],"Three":[159],"typical":[160],"datasets":[161],"validate":[165],"method.":[168],"A":[169],"comprehensive":[170],"comparison":[171],"analysis":[173],"have":[174],"proven":[175],"feasibility":[177],"validity":[179],"method,":[183],"well":[185],"its":[187],"ability":[188],"achieve":[190],"state-of-the-art":[191],"performance.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}