{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292973168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3197446","title":"AI-Empowered Trajectory Anomaly Detection and Classification in 6G-V2X","display_name":"AI-Empowered Trajectory Anomaly Detection and Classification in 6G-V2X","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292973168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3197446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3197446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3197446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010314794","display_name":"Gunasekaran Raja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gunasekaran Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-7648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057369839","display_name":"Mubeena Begum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubeena Begum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016407262","display_name":"Sugeerthi Gurumoorthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sugeerthi Gurumoorthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012970891","display_name":"Deepak Suresh Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Suresh Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-2752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033363813","display_name":"Ponnada Srividya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7249-7277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ponnada Srividya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology, NGNLab, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064768354","display_name":"Kapal Dev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-8594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapal Dev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Institute of Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johennesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-8594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Institute of Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johennesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002348919","display_name":"Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010314794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93125953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"4599","last_page":"4607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8397737741470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8037929534912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7232970595359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5828124284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.544685959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5140429735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.46939343214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4249570071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3834906816482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34127649664878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16245010495185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.07962179183959961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8397737741470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8037929534912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7232970595359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5828124284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.544685959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5140429735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.46939343214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4249570071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3834906816482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34127649664878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16245010495185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.07962179183959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3197446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3197446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323425","display_name":"Anna University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898843043","https://openalex.org/W1968701380","https://openalex.org/W2083946184","https://openalex.org/W2136975357","https://openalex.org/W2155295407","https://openalex.org/W2163612318","https://openalex.org/W2186751573","https://openalex.org/W2514056879","https://openalex.org/W2551883714","https://openalex.org/W2579718262","https://openalex.org/W2582616844","https://openalex.org/W2767297659","https://openalex.org/W2986229993","https://openalex.org/W3013565419","https://openalex.org/W3029191757","https://openalex.org/W3044515030","https://openalex.org/W3047884290","https://openalex.org/W3090944066","https://openalex.org/W3093572807","https://openalex.org/W3093929720","https://openalex.org/W3094019951","https://openalex.org/W3105324058","https://openalex.org/W3163148797","https://openalex.org/W3164835109","https://openalex.org/W3166956873","https://openalex.org/W3171954485","https://openalex.org/W3175500462","https://openalex.org/W3192851879","https://openalex.org/W3194149012","https://openalex.org/W3199436088","https://openalex.org/W3200871288","https://openalex.org/W3204586135","https://openalex.org/W3209213339","https://openalex.org/W3210386267","https://openalex.org/W3214893631","https://openalex.org/W4200014943","https://openalex.org/W4205459297","https://openalex.org/W4205536138","https://openalex.org/W4210511805","https://openalex.org/W4225274268","https://openalex.org/W4226095921","https://openalex.org/W4226408066","https://openalex.org/W4246984828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000418517","https://openalex.org/W2770882984","https://openalex.org/W2810558525","https://openalex.org/W1595351371","https://openalex.org/W2402954252","https://openalex.org/W2998849040","https://openalex.org/W3089047966","https://openalex.org/W3116762327","https://openalex.org/W2230433129","https://openalex.org/W2606848831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126,157],"immense":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,65,79,108],"Autonomous":[4],"Vehicles":[5],"(AVs)":[6],"and":[7,37,49,63,88,118,141,154],"networking":[8],"technologies":[9],"have":[10,89],"paved":[11],"the":[12,33,51,60,68,131,162,167],"way":[13],"for":[14],"advanced":[15],"Intelligent":[16],"Transportation":[17],"Systems":[18],"(ITS).":[19],"AVs":[20],"increase":[21],"data":[22,36],"demands":[23],"from":[24],"in-vehicle":[25],"users,":[26],"which":[27],"pose":[28],"a":[29,76,123],"significant":[30],"risk":[31],"to":[32,41,47,59,104,138],"vehicular":[34],"trajectory":[35,52],"are":[38],"extremely":[39],"vulnerable":[40],"security":[42],"threats.":[43],"It":[44],"is":[45],"challenging":[46],"describe":[48],"detect":[50],"anomalies":[53],"in":[54,67,92,122],"urban":[55],"motion":[56],"behavior":[57],"due":[58],"enormous":[61],"coverage":[62],"complexity":[64],"ITS":[66],"V2X":[69],"environment.":[70,125],"Most":[71],"existing":[72,168],"systems":[73,169],"rely":[74],"on":[75,100],"restricted":[77],"number":[78],"single":[80],"detection":[81],"strategies,":[82,146],"such":[83],"as":[84],"determining":[85],"frequent":[86],"patterns":[87,107],"limited":[90],"accuracy":[91,140],"detecting":[93],"anomalous":[94,109],"trajectories.":[95,110],"However,":[96],"they":[97],"focus":[98],"only":[99],"outlier":[101],"detection,":[102],"failing":[103],"consider":[105],"different":[106],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"proposes":[113],"Efficient":[114],"Trajectory":[115],"Anomaly":[116],"Detection":[117],"Classification":[119],"(ETADC)":[120],"framework":[121,129],"6G-V2X":[124],"proposed":[127,163],"ETADC":[128,164],"employs":[130],"Deep":[132],"Deterministic":[133],"Policy":[134],"Gradient":[135],"algorithm":[136],"(DDPG)":[137],"improve":[139],"efficiency":[142],"by":[143,170],"analyzing":[144],"multiple":[145],"namely":[147],"driving":[148,150,152,155],"speed,":[149],"distance,":[151],"direction,":[153],"time.":[156],"result":[158],"analysis":[159],"shows":[160],"that":[161],"technique":[165],"outperforms":[166],"97%":[171],"accuracy.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}