{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291910390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3195754","title":"Concurrent Optimization of Subway Vertical Alignments and Station Elevations With Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Concurrent Optimization of Subway Vertical Alignments and Station Elevations With Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291910390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3195754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3195754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3195754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101489769","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-4793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-4793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027650567","display_name":"Xiao Dan Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002397232","display_name":"Hao Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-2678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-2678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048758163","display_name":"Paul Schonfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Schonfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058604347","display_name":"Shujun Zhen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujun Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029142865","display_name":"Yuhui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-8959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135994","display_name":"China Railway Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03za3eq42","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135994"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154168","display_name":"China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.","ror":"https://ror.org/003hg6k65","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135994","https://openalex.org/I4387154168"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Company Ltd., Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Company Ltd., Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135994","https://openalex.org/I4387154168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031347928","display_name":"Zhanjun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090858","display_name":"Nanjing Zhongyi Architectural Design Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/009nm7068","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090858"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanjun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Zhongda Design Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Zhongda Design Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090858"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88781568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"24929","last_page":"24940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.8114582300186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5943514704704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5806230902671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5794196724891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.541911244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43327343463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4178262948989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.4175184667110443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24123603105545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1424979269504547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.8114582300186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5943514704704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5806230902671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5794196724891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.541911244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43327343463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4178262948989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4175184667110443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24123603105545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1424979269504547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3195754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3195754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3355931492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB2600403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4514364900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328729","funder_display_name":"China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7371508084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ-2021-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091697343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52078497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322720","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328729","display_name":"China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996872168","https://openalex.org/W2009375580","https://openalex.org/W2018496892","https://openalex.org/W2020270264","https://openalex.org/W2020845479","https://openalex.org/W2032391023","https://openalex.org/W2035948067","https://openalex.org/W2077880894","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2116321787","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2325099532","https://openalex.org/W2726644014","https://openalex.org/W2742988551","https://openalex.org/W2773426158","https://openalex.org/W2793849604","https://openalex.org/W2904940878","https://openalex.org/W2912589494","https://openalex.org/W2963177264","https://openalex.org/W3001641840","https://openalex.org/W3005811583","https://openalex.org/W3037081075","https://openalex.org/W3047296683","https://openalex.org/W3101903158","https://openalex.org/W3205981205","https://openalex.org/W3209987320","https://openalex.org/W4205531456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006324351","https://openalex.org/W2965421953","https://openalex.org/W2349895019","https://openalex.org/W2950423922","https://openalex.org/W2116074880","https://openalex.org/W2121780490","https://openalex.org/W2070977815","https://openalex.org/W2137136732","https://openalex.org/W2132113279","https://openalex.org/W2113224065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Station":[0],"elevations":[1,26],"and":[2,39,52,64,84,99,113,124,170,172],"vertical":[3,46,161],"alignment":[4,89],"between":[5],"adjacent":[6],"stations":[7,38,51,98,169],"often":[8],"influence":[9],"each":[10],"other.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"they":[13],"should":[14],"be":[15],"optimized":[16,69],"concurrently.":[17],"However,":[18],"existing":[19],"studies":[20],"mainly":[21],"focus":[22],"on":[23],"optimizing":[24],"station":[25],"or":[27],"links":[28,40,53,171],"separately.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,156],"paper,":[32],"a":[33,77,149],"concurrent":[34,95],"optimization":[35,74,96],"model":[36],"of":[37,48,94,168],"is":[41,67,76,85,104,134,145],"developed,":[42],"in":[43,50,81],"which":[44,163],"the":[45,68,92,101,108,138,166,175],"points":[47],"intersection":[49],"are":[54],"design":[55],"variables.":[56],"The":[57,152],"comprehensive":[58],"cost":[59],"including":[60],"construction,":[61],"energy":[62],"consumption,":[63],"travelling":[65],"time,":[66],"objective":[70],"function.":[71],"Particle":[72],"swarm":[73],"(PSO)":[75],"method":[78,144,157],"for":[79,88,97,111,117],"searching":[80],"continuous":[82],"space":[83],"widely":[86],"used":[87],"optimization.":[90,142],"Considering":[91],"characteristics":[93],"links,":[100],"PSO":[102],"algorithm":[103],"improved":[105],"by":[106],"modifying":[107],"updating":[109],"formulas":[110],"particles":[112],"designing":[114],"two":[115],"strategies":[116],"particle":[118],"updating,":[119],"namely":[120],"\u201cStations":[121],"before":[122,126],"Links\u201d":[123],"\u201cLinks":[125],"Stations\u201d":[127],"strategy.":[128],"A":[129],"dynamic":[130],"adaptive":[131],"feasible":[132],"region":[133],"proposed":[135],"to":[136,148],"handle":[137],"complex":[139,176],"constraints":[140],"during":[141],"This":[143],"applied":[146],"here":[147],"real-world":[150],"case.":[151],"applications":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"that":[155],"can":[158],"automatically":[159],"generate":[160],"alignments":[162],"jointly":[164],"optimize":[165],"locations":[167],"satisfy":[173],"all":[174],"constrains.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}