{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288064480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3192180","title":"Hybrid Fingerprinting and Ray Extension Localization in NLOS Regions","display_name":"Hybrid Fingerprinting and Ray Extension Localization in NLOS Regions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288064480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3192180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3192180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3192180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361949","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-2821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Wireless Research Centre and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Wireless Research Centre and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041390917","display_name":"I\u2010Tai Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Tai Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Wireless Research Centre and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Wireless Research Centre and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022933771","display_name":"Jonathan S. Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-6338"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan S. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZaiNar, Redwood, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZaiNar, Redwood, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100361949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81391988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"23503","last_page":"23516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9687308669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7125553488731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6355328559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.6078800559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.48053842782974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47776496410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.4370258152484894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4102901220321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37189751863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3265232443809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16700297594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12579193711280823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9687308669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7125553488731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355328559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.6078800559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.48053842782974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47776496410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4370258152484894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4102901220321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37189751863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3265232443809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16700297594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12579193711280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3192180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3192180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512527155","https://openalex.org/W1567027746","https://openalex.org/W1591182554","https://openalex.org/W1633983593","https://openalex.org/W1954351671","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2015195418","https://openalex.org/W2029980841","https://openalex.org/W2035188723","https://openalex.org/W2053130483","https://openalex.org/W2054551851","https://openalex.org/W2094655360","https://openalex.org/W2118936352","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2121868539","https://openalex.org/W2122646546","https://openalex.org/W2124822240","https://openalex.org/W2127958058","https://openalex.org/W2130556364","https://openalex.org/W2131271719","https://openalex.org/W2132952395","https://openalex.org/W2133677327","https://openalex.org/W2141266663","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2148412283","https://openalex.org/W2150470808","https://openalex.org/W2151265993","https://openalex.org/W2154452292","https://openalex.org/W2155771977","https://openalex.org/W2158317991","https://openalex.org/W2163993204","https://openalex.org/W2169614365","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2287252941","https://openalex.org/W2304302387","https://openalex.org/W2322019743","https://openalex.org/W2344693421","https://openalex.org/W2474296258","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2725746905","https://openalex.org/W2742590002","https://openalex.org/W2777547807","https://openalex.org/W2786802123","https://openalex.org/W2805918584","https://openalex.org/W2807920917","https://openalex.org/W2884209645","https://openalex.org/W2886844288","https://openalex.org/W2888082642","https://openalex.org/W2888102684","https://openalex.org/W2900022759","https://openalex.org/W2949490600","https://openalex.org/W2953433632","https://openalex.org/W3035433001","https://openalex.org/W3116894024","https://openalex.org/W3126084066","https://openalex.org/W3130202693","https://openalex.org/W4244323842","https://openalex.org/W4288357267","https://openalex.org/W6634274855","https://openalex.org/W6679787479","https://openalex.org/W6729360231","https://openalex.org/W6742468294","https://openalex.org/W6763082201","https://openalex.org/W6787736703","https://openalex.org/W6790478079","https://openalex.org/W6965118109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086630782","https://openalex.org/W2215607475","https://openalex.org/W2784460138","https://openalex.org/W3083484244","https://openalex.org/W2028203579","https://openalex.org/W2047918636","https://openalex.org/W2110622756","https://openalex.org/W2185187882","https://openalex.org/W2000564419","https://openalex.org/W335320524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"general":[1],"non-asymptotic":[2,130],"theoretical":[3],"analysis":[4],"is":[5,89,99,151],"developed":[6,90,169],"for":[7],"fingerprinting":[8,17,64,103,125,141],"localization":[9],"system":[10],"designs.":[11],"Based":[12,127],"on":[13,128],"this":[14],"analysis,":[15],"hybrid":[16,56,134],"and":[18,33,49,61,76,111],"propagation-based":[19,79,93],"methods":[20,57,65,80,135,142,150],"are":[21,136],"proposed":[22,55,113,133,149],"using":[23,162],"5G-like":[24],"received":[25],"signal":[26],"strength":[27],"(RSS),":[28],"time":[29],"of":[30,35,63,78,147],"arrival":[31,36],"(TOA),":[32],"direction":[34],"(DOA)":[37],"measurements":[38],"which":[39],"have":[40,58],"been":[41],"a":[42,85,154,167],"focus":[43],"in":[44,66,81,117,124,153],"recent":[45],"3GPP":[46],"Rel":[47,50],"16":[48],"17":[51],"positioning":[52],"activities.":[53],"The":[54],"the":[59,74,92,96,105,112,121,129,132,140,148],"flexibility":[60],"robustness":[62],"dealing":[67],"with":[68,101],"none-line-of-sight":[69,156],"(NLOS)":[70,157],"problem":[71],"while":[72],"inheriting":[73],"efficiency":[75],"accuracy":[77],"3-D":[82],"localization.":[83],"Specifically,":[84],"ray":[86,97,144,171],"extension":[87,98],"technique":[88],"as":[91],"method.":[94],"Then":[95],"combined":[100],"two":[102],"methods,":[104],"conventional":[106],"weighted":[107],"k-nearest":[108],"neighbors":[109],"(WKNN)":[110],"optimal":[114],"WKNN":[115],"(OWKNN),":[116],"order":[118],"to":[119,138],"remedy":[120],"geometrical":[122],"deficiency":[123],"methods.":[126],"study,":[131],"guaranteed":[137],"outperform":[139],"without":[143],"extension.":[145],"Verification":[146],"performed":[152],"large":[155],"urban":[158],"San":[159],"Jose":[160],"region":[161],"simulation":[163],"data":[164],"provided":[165],"by":[166],"previously":[168],"super-efficient":[170],"launcher.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
