{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285507608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3190280","title":"Distributed Offloading for Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Under Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Distributed Offloading for Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Under Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285507608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3190280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3190280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3190280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000990003","display_name":"Shichao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-9736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-9736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021143481","display_name":"Zhixiu Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102812098","display_name":"Guangfu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-4313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangfu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082446723","display_name":"Yun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-8845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-8845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97995556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"16701","last_page":"16714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8962831497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7910895347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6942732930183411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6461373567581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.6432914137840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6285120248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6088398098945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5646054148674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-game","display_name":"Potential game","score":0.5204644203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.520088791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46723586320877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37678951025009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.3024417757987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.2898021638393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.26495489478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.1601564586162567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.1357204020023346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8962831497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7910895347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6942732930183411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6461373567581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.6432914137840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6285120248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6088398098945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5646054148674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288500","display_name":"Potential game","level":3,"score":0.5204644203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.520088791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46723586320877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37678951025009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.3024417757987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2898021638393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26495489478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.1601564586162567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.1357204020023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3190280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3190280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4274383337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032539720","https://openalex.org/W2124402637","https://openalex.org/W2394115245","https://openalex.org/W2554737982","https://openalex.org/W2588025843","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2604187483","https://openalex.org/W2793324067","https://openalex.org/W2800305275","https://openalex.org/W2807538159","https://openalex.org/W2883756657","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2903874029","https://openalex.org/W2914742901","https://openalex.org/W2951054802","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2966753637","https://openalex.org/W2974303744","https://openalex.org/W2979897999","https://openalex.org/W3004417498","https://openalex.org/W3035788210","https://openalex.org/W3038159067","https://openalex.org/W3041497362","https://openalex.org/W3044274646","https://openalex.org/W3048590167","https://openalex.org/W3081714622","https://openalex.org/W3088286182","https://openalex.org/W3088579369","https://openalex.org/W3093561802","https://openalex.org/W3100491179","https://openalex.org/W3102483098","https://openalex.org/W3105649577","https://openalex.org/W3112285996","https://openalex.org/W3120643467","https://openalex.org/W3134445612","https://openalex.org/W3135386558","https://openalex.org/W3156903304","https://openalex.org/W3159162481","https://openalex.org/W3161565715","https://openalex.org/W3167181515","https://openalex.org/W3176231977","https://openalex.org/W3189163924","https://openalex.org/W3199940498","https://openalex.org/W3201425084","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6738796088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W2534222534","https://openalex.org/W4321380818","https://openalex.org/W3200145713","https://openalex.org/W4290996366","https://openalex.org/W3098601559","https://openalex.org/W4386737138","https://openalex.org/W4291033374","https://openalex.org/W2953285084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,14,72,87,92,96,109,113,124,127,135,139,143,147,166,197,214,219],"rapid":[2],"advancement":[3],"of":[4,7,34,91,145,218],"Internet":[6],"Vehicles":[8],"and":[9,74,99,119,123,191,202,212,216],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"technologies,":[13],"cooperative":[15],"intelligent":[16],"transportation":[17],"system":[18],"(C-ITS)":[19],"has":[20],"drawn":[21],"great":[22],"attention":[23],"in":[24,70,138],"recent":[25],"years.":[26],"To":[27],"provide":[28,80],"an":[29],"ultra-reliable,":[30],"low-latency":[31],"computation":[32,36,55,81,132,174,203],"experience":[33],"C-ITS,":[35],"offloading":[37,56,82,89,98,175,204],"is":[38,141,154],"deemed":[39],"indispensable":[40],"by":[41],"working":[42],"with":[43],"edge-cloud":[44],"servers.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,94,171],"first":[50],"investigate":[51],"a":[52,66,104,157,173,188],"distributed":[53,105],"dynamic":[54],"model":[57],"for":[58,84,150],"multi-access":[59],"edge":[60],"computing":[61,76,100,117,199],"(MEC)":[62],"enabled":[63],"C-ITS":[64],"under":[65],"heterogeneous":[67,75],"road":[68],"network,":[69],"which":[71,186],"multiple":[73],"power":[77,101,200],"sources":[78],"cooperatively":[79],"services":[83],"vehicles.":[85],"Considering":[86],"autonomous":[88],"manner":[90],"vehicles,":[93],"formulate":[95],"task":[97],"allocation":[102,201],"as":[103,112,126,156],"Stackelberg":[106,178],"game,":[107],"where":[108],"MEC":[110],"servers":[111],"leader":[114],"to":[115,129,164,195],"allocate":[116],"resources":[118],"manage":[120],"local":[121,131],"energy,":[122],"vehicles":[125],"followers":[128],"offload":[130],"task.":[133],"Since":[134],"observable":[136,159],"states":[137],"game":[140,152],"incomplete,":[142],"problem":[144],"resolving":[146],"optimal":[148,198],"strategies":[149],"each":[151],"player":[153],"modeled":[155],"partially":[158],"Markov":[160],"decision":[161],"process":[162],"(POMDP)":[163],"maximize":[165],"long-term":[167],"cumulative":[168],"reward.":[169],"Then":[170],"develop":[172],"algorithm":[176],"using":[177],"game-based":[179],"multi-agent":[180],"deep":[181],"deterministic":[182],"policy":[183],"gradient":[184],"(SG-MADDPG),":[185],"uses":[187],"centralized":[189],"training":[190],"decentralized":[192],"execution":[193],"method":[194],"learn":[196],"policies.":[205],"Finally,":[206],"extensive":[207],"simulations":[208],"are":[209],"carried":[210],"out":[211],"show":[213],"rationality":[215],"effectiveness":[217],"proposed":[220],"algorithm.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
