{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214547157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150756","title":"Asynchronous Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based URLLC-Aware Computation Offloading in Space-Assisted Vehicular Networks","display_name":"Asynchronous Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based URLLC-Aware Computation Offloading in Space-Assisted Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214547157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3150756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090198454","display_name":"Chao Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-5607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-5607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434570","display_name":"Zhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-6291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068956515","display_name":"Haijun Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-9246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-9246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039042766","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-4463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-4463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381807","display_name":"Xiaoyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6178835","display_name":"Ibaraki University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sjd5653","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6178835"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-4953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6178835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037080121","display_name":"Muhammad Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-2058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-2058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023380708","display_name":"Sattam Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sattam Al-Otaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98019159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"7377","last_page":"7389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8662954568862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8338466286659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7260555028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7106902599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5651829838752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-optimization","display_name":"Lyapunov optimization","score":0.5593281388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5324381589889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4642748236656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3654330372810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.336496502161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2339489758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.21311429142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14700528979301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.09128519892692566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8662954568862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8338466286659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7260555028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7106902599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5651829838752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101403955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6707083","display_name":"Lyapunov optimization","level":5,"score":0.5593281388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5324381589889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4642748236656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3654330372810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.336496502161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2339489758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.21311429142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14700528979301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.09128519892692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37935115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6707085","display_name":"Lyapunov redesign","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191544260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238630","display_name":"Lyapunov exponent","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3150756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2913762946","display_name":"Radio Resource Management in 5G and Beyond Networks: A Layered In-network Learning Approach","funder_award_id":"20K11764","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G394171882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LAPS202125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327677","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory Of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5093953924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021D12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","funder_display_name":"Southeast University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6336593478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6474378072","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u611f\u77e5\u76845G\u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327677","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500657154","https://openalex.org/W2560777922","https://openalex.org/W2891339338","https://openalex.org/W2904994737","https://openalex.org/W2920689385","https://openalex.org/W2921635086","https://openalex.org/W2949226003","https://openalex.org/W2964221923","https://openalex.org/W2977997203","https://openalex.org/W2984159320","https://openalex.org/W2994813045","https://openalex.org/W2997499903","https://openalex.org/W3006655855","https://openalex.org/W3011182939","https://openalex.org/W3016207298","https://openalex.org/W3017380086","https://openalex.org/W3043527956","https://openalex.org/W3044955947","https://openalex.org/W3045170931","https://openalex.org/W3048590167","https://openalex.org/W3080425979","https://openalex.org/W3083299299","https://openalex.org/W3091074232","https://openalex.org/W3109531627","https://openalex.org/W3110646255","https://openalex.org/W3121477569","https://openalex.org/W3131893502","https://openalex.org/W3168798228","https://openalex.org/W3186745756","https://openalex.org/W3191972690","https://openalex.org/W3198672579","https://openalex.org/W3201225292","https://openalex.org/W4301852635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203523248","https://openalex.org/W3139211623","https://openalex.org/W4226451617","https://openalex.org/W3009864640","https://openalex.org/W3133622663","https://openalex.org/W2772121850","https://openalex.org/W2967734072","https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3010612709","https://openalex.org/W2910175468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space-assisted":[0],"vehicular":[1,26],"networks":[2],"(SAVN)":[3],"provide":[4],"seamless":[5],"coverage":[6],"and":[7,18,64,99,145],"on-demand":[8],"data":[9],"processing":[10],"services":[11],"for":[12,47],"user":[13],"vehicles":[14],"(UVs).":[15],"However,":[16],"ultra-reliable":[17],"low-latency":[19],"communication":[20],"(URLLC)":[21],"demands":[22],"imposed":[23],"by":[24,35,105,132],"emerging":[25],"applications":[27],"are":[28,45,103],"hard":[29],"to":[30,52,75,118],"be":[31],"satisfied":[32],"in":[33,72],"SAVN":[34,50],"existing":[36],"computation":[37,100,127],"offloading":[38,98,123],"techniques.":[39],"Traditional":[40],"deep":[41,61],"reinforcement":[42],"learning":[43],"algorithms":[44],"unsuitable":[46],"highly":[48],"dynamic":[49],"due":[51],"the":[53,80,96,120],"underutilization":[54],"of":[55],"environment":[56],"observations.":[57],"An":[58],"AsynchronouS":[59],"federaTed":[60],"Q-learning":[62],"(DQN)-basEd":[63],"URLLC-aware":[65],"cOmputatIon":[66],"offloaDing":[67],"algorithm":[68,115],"(ASTEROID)":[69],"is":[70,116,130],"presented":[71,117],"this":[73],"paper":[74],"achieve":[76],"throughput":[77,144],"maximization":[78],"considering":[79],"long-term":[81],"URLLC":[82,92,146],"constraints.":[83],"Specifically,":[84],"we":[85],"first":[86],"establish":[87],"an":[88,110,133],"extreme":[89],"value":[90],"theory-based":[91],"constraint":[93],"model.":[94],"Second,":[95],"task":[97,122],"resource":[101,128],"allocation":[102,129],"decomposed":[104],"employing":[106],"Lyapunov":[107],"optimization.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"asynchronous":[111],"federated":[112],"DQN-based":[113],"(AF-DQN)":[114],"address":[119],"UV-side":[121],"problem.":[124],"The":[125],"server-side":[126],"settled":[131],"queue":[134],"backlog-aware":[135],"algorithm.":[136],"Simulation":[137],"results":[138],"verify":[139],"that":[140],"ASTEROID":[141],"achieves":[142],"superior":[143],"performances.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
