{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213190759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150282","title":"Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Electric Scooter Interactions With a Pedestrian Crowd Using a Social Force Model","display_name":"Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Electric Scooter Interactions With a Pedestrian Crowd Using a Social Force Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213190759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3150282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057832539","display_name":"Yen\u2010Chen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Chen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-5859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103024885","display_name":"Alireza Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-4790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001823187","display_name":"Jae Kun Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Kun Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-4684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090964638","display_name":"Derek A. Paley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-2395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek A. Paley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-2395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057832539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94962857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"16448","last_page":"16461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-force-model","display_name":"Social force model","score":0.8938373327255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.870290994644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5962563753128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5413200259208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-force","display_name":"Social force","score":0.5220965147018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.5162334442138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5160660147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46515828371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43629390001296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3569786548614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3263792097568512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779293179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Social force model","level":3,"score":0.8938373327255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.870290994644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5962563753128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5413200259208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992158956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Social force","level":3,"score":0.5220965147018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5162334442138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5160660147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46515828371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43629390001296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3569786548614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3263792097568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3150282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1947271015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2636-E-006-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3753023340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2636-E-006-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310578","display_name":"University of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01r0c1p88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596482269","https://openalex.org/W1534662786","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1911681106","https://openalex.org/W1991745400","https://openalex.org/W2024991751","https://openalex.org/W2033921269","https://openalex.org/W2044164118","https://openalex.org/W2046261862","https://openalex.org/W2052834627","https://openalex.org/W2054193951","https://openalex.org/W2064171501","https://openalex.org/W2071812305","https://openalex.org/W2101611760","https://openalex.org/W2126413547","https://openalex.org/W2130632867","https://openalex.org/W2132505539","https://openalex.org/W2135947416","https://openalex.org/W2139050361","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2170938829","https://openalex.org/W2233908551","https://openalex.org/W2308869960","https://openalex.org/W2315625198","https://openalex.org/W2539912761","https://openalex.org/W2604372349","https://openalex.org/W2748490912","https://openalex.org/W2770715877","https://openalex.org/W2804053270","https://openalex.org/W2808004439","https://openalex.org/W2810229282","https://openalex.org/W2885195725","https://openalex.org/W2888934823","https://openalex.org/W2896266951","https://openalex.org/W2922294089","https://openalex.org/W2962727871","https://openalex.org/W3003171197","https://openalex.org/W3003968822","https://openalex.org/W3011742000","https://openalex.org/W3012156638","https://openalex.org/W3044013170","https://openalex.org/W3106197191","https://openalex.org/W3154591607","https://openalex.org/W3162979245","https://openalex.org/W3183289730","https://openalex.org/W4300995080","https://openalex.org/W6734988024","https://openalex.org/W6752639691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141058977","https://openalex.org/W2011795602","https://openalex.org/W4385986026","https://openalex.org/W3147306508","https://openalex.org/W4388037223","https://openalex.org/W3199606900","https://openalex.org/W2367855113","https://openalex.org/W3145661592","https://openalex.org/W3120869690","https://openalex.org/W3024571439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"micro-mobility":[3],"transport":[4],"vehicles":[5,65],"have":[6,39],"become":[7],"very":[8],"popular.":[9],"As":[10],"a":[11,33,42,73,87,166],"result,":[12],"the":[13,22,47,51,80,92,99,103,111,114,131,139,149,159,177,197],"challenge":[14],"of":[15,24,35,53,82,102,113,161],"developing":[16],"new":[17],"strategies":[18],"and":[19,26,96,98,117,170,180,196,205],"tools":[20],"for":[21,50,187],"safety":[23],"users":[25],"pedestrians":[27],"in":[28,165],"shared":[29],"travelways":[30],"has":[31],"attracted":[32],"lot":[34],"attention.":[36],"Previous":[37],"studies":[38],"generally":[40],"used":[41],"social":[43,75,123,133],"force":[44,76,124,134,171],"model":[45,77,116,135,141,151],"as":[46,67],"main":[48],"tool":[49],"prediction":[52,146],"pedestrian":[54,88,167,178,194,203],"movements.":[55],"However,":[56],"existing":[57,122],"models":[58],"cannot":[59],"be":[60],"directly":[61],"applied":[62],"to":[63,78,109,120,138,143,175],"wheeled":[64],"such":[66],"electrical":[68],"scooters.":[69],"This":[70],"study":[71],"presents":[72],"modified":[74],"predict":[79],"interactions":[81],"an":[83,121,162],"electric":[84],"scooter":[85,132,150],"with":[86,152],"crowd":[89],"by":[90],"considering":[91],"scooter\u2019s":[93],"kinematics":[94],"constraints":[95],"geometry":[97],"velocity-dependent":[100],"behaviors":[101],"rider.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"experiments":[106],"are":[107,173],"performed":[108],"calibrate":[110],"parameters":[112],"proposed":[115],"compare":[118],"it":[119],"model.":[125],"The":[126],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"that":[130],"is":[136],"superior":[137],"original":[140],"due":[142],"its":[144],"higher":[145],"accuracy.":[147],"Using":[148],"experimentally":[153],"calibrated":[154],"parameters,":[155],"numerical":[156],"simulations":[157,184],"illustrate":[158],"behavior":[160],"e-scooter":[163,198],"rider":[164],"crowd.":[168],"Acceleration":[169],"metrics":[172],"introduced":[174],"evaluate":[176],"comfort":[179],"safety.":[181,207],"Monte":[182],"Carlo":[183],"provide":[185],"insights":[186],"urban":[188],"planners":[189],"about":[190],"how":[191],"travelway":[192],"width,":[193],"density,":[195],"rider\u2019s":[199],"desired":[200],"velocity":[201],"affect":[202],"actual":[204],"perceived":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
