{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292234304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3147770","title":"Monocular Visual Traffic Surveillance: A Review","display_name":"Monocular Visual Traffic Surveillance: A Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292234304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3147770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3147770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3147770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/97500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415186","display_name":"Xingchen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-0103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Personal Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-0103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Personal Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036025278","display_name":"Yuxiang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Transport Systems and Logistics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-2503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Transport Systems and Logistics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037312929","display_name":"Panagiotis Angeloudis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-8264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Angeloudis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Transport Systems and Logistics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-8264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Transport Systems and Logistics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018921347","display_name":"Yiannis Demiris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-3343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiannis Demiris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Personal Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-3343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Personal Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95440976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"14148","last_page":"14165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6522483229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6069442629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5336317420005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5225797891616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.5064860582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-vision","display_name":"Monocular vision","score":0.49095967411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.48623862862586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4385564625263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-traffic-management-system","display_name":"Advanced Traffic Management System","score":0.4116946756839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.3232528567314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2293323576450348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.22917550802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.10864326357841492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6522483229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6069442629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5336317420005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5225797891616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.5064860582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640606","display_name":"Monocular vision","level":2,"score":0.49095967411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.48623862862586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4385564625263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42693407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686317","display_name":"Advanced Traffic Management System","level":3,"score":0.4116946756839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3232528567314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2293323576450348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.22917550802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.10864326357841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3147770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3147770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/97500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/97500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"14165","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/97500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/97500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"14165","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":134,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1131876441","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1598578845","https://openalex.org/W1847191588","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1910108985","https://openalex.org/W1997844571","https://openalex.org/W2029035464","https://openalex.org/W2029436146","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2045721916","https://openalex.org/W2056341306","https://openalex.org/W2064106408","https://openalex.org/W2072075581","https://openalex.org/W2080440928","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2093273191","https://openalex.org/W2096930266","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2110537398","https://openalex.org/W2112706482","https://openalex.org/W2118572719","https://openalex.org/W2118964384","https://openalex.org/W2122487083","https://openalex.org/W2129597587","https://openalex.org/W2138792236","https://openalex.org/W2141896189","https://openalex.org/W2142292167","https://openalex.org/W2144513431","https://openalex.org/W2153241511","https://openalex.org/W2154665055","https://openalex.org/W2155880278","https://openalex.org/W2166045900","https://openalex.org/W2168038911","https://openalex.org/W2168954330","https://openalex.org/W2204105831","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2341949230","https://openalex.org/W2416156489","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2473772852","https://openalex.org/W2524986418","https://openalex.org/W2539222059","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2590234360","https://openalex.org/W2592008540","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2741912914","https://openalex.org/W2763108738","https://openalex.org/W2766984662","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2806282362","https://openalex.org/W2889987506","https://openalex.org/W2891281186","https://openalex.org/W2891901627","https://openalex.org/W2893929991","https://openalex.org/W2894297488","https://openalex.org/W2896642734","https://openalex.org/W2898337423","https://openalex.org/W2900787926","https://openalex.org/W2903345161","https://openalex.org/W2903541953","https://openalex.org/W2904136288","https://openalex.org/W2909167282","https://openalex.org/W2929588561","https://openalex.org/W2946562067","https://openalex.org/W2949777529","https://openalex.org/W2950347718","https://openalex.org/W2952373489","https://openalex.org/W2962833508","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963579094","https://openalex.org/W2963910606","https://openalex.org/W2964121718","https://openalex.org/W2964933785","https://openalex.org/W2967503332","https://openalex.org/W2969871771","https://openalex.org/W2970542938","https://openalex.org/W2972321833","https://openalex.org/W2977085106","https://openalex.org/W2982102242","https://openalex.org/W2982438521","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2989738721","https://openalex.org/W2990605346","https://openalex.org/W2991329367","https://openalex.org/W2995879852","https://openalex.org/W2997076693","https://openalex.org/W2999947750","https://openalex.org/W3003459836","https://openalex.org/W3005080107","https://openalex.org/W3007708315","https://openalex.org/W3007708545","https://openalex.org/W3009394976","https://openalex.org/W3012922853","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3023203534","https://openalex.org/W3033613646","https://openalex.org/W3035354914","https://openalex.org/W3035410385","https://openalex.org/W3041430429","https://openalex.org/W3080625486","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3089533586","https://openalex.org/W3092546177","https://openalex.org/W3097959613","https://openalex.org/W3100605398","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3116469262","https://openalex.org/W3135768565","https://openalex.org/W3154131566","https://openalex.org/W3174112294","https://openalex.org/W3203548344","https://openalex.org/W4200061155","https://openalex.org/W4248231771","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6621269519","https://openalex.org/W6623184443","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6753526802","https://openalex.org/W6775253321","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6779662352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213997683","https://openalex.org/W2995270189","https://openalex.org/W3158831960","https://openalex.org/W2521728836","https://openalex.org/W2972088616","https://openalex.org/W3094593199","https://openalex.org/W4399654348","https://openalex.org/W2008793610","https://openalex.org/W2893934742","https://openalex.org/W2077294583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"facilitate":[1],"the":[2,29,39,91],"monitoring":[3],"and":[4,24,35,80,102,124],"management":[5],"of":[6,41,58,73,111,130],"modern":[7],"transportation":[8],"systems,":[9,115],"monocular":[10],"visual":[11,42,92,112,131],"traffic":[12,43,113,132],"surveillance":[13,44,114,133],"systems":[14,45,134],"have":[15],"been":[16,47],"widely":[17],"adopted":[18],"for":[19],"speed":[20,118],"measurement,":[21,119],"accident":[22,25,122],"detection,":[23,99],"prediction.":[26,125],"Thanks":[27],"to":[28,76,83],"recent":[30],"innovations":[31],"in":[32],"computer":[33],"vision":[34],"deep":[36],"learning":[37],"research,":[38],"performance":[40],"has":[46],"significantly":[48],"improved.":[49],"However,":[50],"despite":[51],"this":[52,78],"success,":[53],"there":[54],"is":[55,88],"a":[56,70],"lack":[57],"survey":[59],"papers":[60],"that":[61,96],"systematically":[62],"review":[63,72],"these":[64],"new":[65],"methods.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"we":[68,106],"conduct":[69],"systematic":[71],"relevant":[74],"studies":[75],"fill":[77],"gap":[79],"provide":[81],"guidance":[82],"future":[84,127],"studies.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"structured":[89],"along":[90],"information":[93],"processing":[94],"pipeline":[95],"includes":[97],"object":[98,100],"tracking,":[101],"camera":[103],"calibration.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"also":[107],"include":[108],"important":[109],"applications":[110],"such":[116],"as":[117],"behavior":[120],"learning,":[121],"detection":[123],"Finally,":[126],"research":[128],"directions":[129],"are":[135],"outlined.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
