{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213333870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3146038","title":"CSG: Classifier-Aware Defense Strategy Based on Compressive Sensing and Generative Networks for Visual Recognition in Autonomous Vehicle Systems","display_name":"CSG: Classifier-Aware Defense Strategy Based on Compressive Sensing and Generative Networks for Visual Recognition in Autonomous Vehicle Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213333870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3146038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3146038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3146038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025137072","display_name":"Jia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-2259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-2259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029742442","display_name":"Wuqiang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-458X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuqiang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-458X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060564734","display_name":"Chengwen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-0781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047093288","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-1694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-1694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301418","display_name":"Houbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory (SONG Lab), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory (SONG Lab), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393871","display_name":"Jianqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-962X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-962X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8784404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"9543","last_page":"9553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.728753924369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7189785242080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.696990966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.656078577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6237162351608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6105668544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5616898536682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49267202615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.44367432594299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.42655766010284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4114290773868561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21456748247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.15835106372833252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.728753924369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7189785242080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.696990966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.656078577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6237162351608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6105668544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5616898536682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49267202615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.44367432594299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42655766010284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4114290773868561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21456748247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15835106372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3146038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3146038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2121792758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2197767044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2013201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3332848674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R2020A045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4413256961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20200805142159001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4429118438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4784360784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFA0908700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5275301293","display_name":"\u9762\u5411AIoT\u667a\u80fd\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e91\u8fb9\u534f\u540c\u611f\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5597228473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6815789538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019B151502018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8217273170","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u591a\u65b9\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8594910186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2528914598","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2578009003","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2786277362","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2962710014","https://openalex.org/W2963268689","https://openalex.org/W2963302614","https://openalex.org/W2963516603","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2997532515","https://openalex.org/W3000280594","https://openalex.org/W3089522806","https://openalex.org/W3091369929","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3127792190","https://openalex.org/W3178914588","https://openalex.org/W3210170961","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6728004082","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6740552771","https://openalex.org/W6741036071","https://openalex.org/W6745272055","https://openalex.org/W6746402973","https://openalex.org/W6748711285","https://openalex.org/W6751839145","https://openalex.org/W6754160155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004372499","https://openalex.org/W3198184493","https://openalex.org/W3156291593","https://openalex.org/W2804545960","https://openalex.org/W4297742296","https://openalex.org/W4300176179","https://openalex.org/W2781758978","https://openalex.org/W2963165363","https://openalex.org/W2787496614","https://openalex.org/W2964197269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"classification":[1],"algorithms":[2],"based-on":[3],"Deep":[4],"Neural":[5],"Networks":[6],"(DNN)":[7],"have":[8,119],"been":[9,120],"widely":[10],"adopted":[11],"in":[12,79,106,139],"autonomous":[13],"vehicle":[14],"design.":[15],"However,":[16],"DNN":[17],"suffers":[18],"from":[19],"adversarial":[20,81,114,142],"attacks":[21,24,51,146],"including":[22,147],"pixel":[23,50],"and":[25,28,150],"patch":[26,53],"attacks,":[27,54],"its":[29,137],"adoption":[30],"may":[31],"introduce":[32],"new":[33],"vulnerability":[34],"into":[35],"such":[36],"security-critical":[37],"scenarios.":[38],"Existing":[39],"defense":[40,70,104,156],"techniques":[41],"only":[42],"focus":[43],"on":[44],"defending":[45,141],"against":[46],"one":[47],"category,":[48],"either":[49],"or":[52],"but":[55],"does":[56],"not":[57],"translate":[58],"to":[59,86,100,128],"the":[60,63,88,109,123,130],"other.":[61],"Hence,":[62],"design":[64],"of":[65,111,132],"a":[66,76,112],"practical":[67],"comprehensive":[68],"real-time":[69],"algorithm":[71],"for":[72],"DNN-based":[73],"classifiers":[74],"presents":[75],"challenging":[77],"task":[78],"this":[80],"context.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84],"attempts":[85],"address":[87],"abovementioned":[89],"problem":[90],"by":[91],"combining":[92],"Compressive":[93],"Sensing":[94],"with":[95,108,153],"Generative":[96],"neural":[97],"networks":[98],"(CSG)":[99],"construct":[101],"an":[102],"efficient":[103],"framework,":[105],"conjunction":[107],"proposal":[110],"classifier-aware":[113],"training":[115],"way.":[116],"Extensive":[117],"experiments":[118],"conducted":[121],"using":[122,145],"LISA":[124],"road":[125],"sign":[126],"dataset":[127],"evaluate":[129],"performance":[131],"CSG.":[133],"The":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136],"superiority":[138],"comprehensively":[140],"examples":[143],"generated":[144],"CW-L2,":[148],"FGSM":[149],"Sticker,":[151],"compared":[152],"other":[154],"state-of-the-art":[155],"techniques.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}