{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210622739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3145669","title":"Quality of Service Measure for Bike Sharing Systems","display_name":"Quality of Service Measure for Bike Sharing Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210622739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3145669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3145669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3145669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2ythl-npzt","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067023899","display_name":"Huthaifa I. Ashqar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huthaifa I. Ashqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Systems, Inc, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-8338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Systems, Inc, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048069896","display_name":"Mohammed Elhenawy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Elhenawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-4576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002736916","display_name":"Hesham Rakha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-2929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham A. Rakha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-2929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113555684","display_name":"Leanna House","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leanna House","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067023899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86156537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"15841","last_page":"15849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.7930910587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.7612837553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6645511388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6121131181716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"Bike sharing","score":0.5622905492782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5130099654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtown","display_name":"Downtown","score":0.5067430138587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4657002389431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.4478861689567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36520373821258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36203211545944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3620189428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27650582790374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21259692311286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15697601437568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1078140139579773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.7930910587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.7612837553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6645511388778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6121131181716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358919","display_name":"Bike sharing","level":2,"score":0.5622905492782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5130099654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776556313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050303","display_name":"Downtown","level":2,"score":0.5067430138587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4657002389431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.4478861689567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36520373821258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36203211545944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3620189428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27650582790374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21259692311286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15697601437568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1078140139579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3145669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3145669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdsoar.org:11603/26207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/26207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402556","display_name":"Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.13016/m2ythl-npzt","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2ythl-npzt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13016/m2ythl-npzt","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2ythl-npzt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309204","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/03q1rgc19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109636739","https://openalex.org/W1854151356","https://openalex.org/W1887510186","https://openalex.org/W1915739922","https://openalex.org/W1970180010","https://openalex.org/W1979411729","https://openalex.org/W2003985544","https://openalex.org/W2004683304","https://openalex.org/W2007873570","https://openalex.org/W2014904662","https://openalex.org/W2021308086","https://openalex.org/W2030597423","https://openalex.org/W2032251915","https://openalex.org/W2051496781","https://openalex.org/W2053109393","https://openalex.org/W2058130539","https://openalex.org/W2062147841","https://openalex.org/W2062672519","https://openalex.org/W2064729848","https://openalex.org/W2076896218","https://openalex.org/W2077371471","https://openalex.org/W2077660521","https://openalex.org/W2078654393","https://openalex.org/W2085203873","https://openalex.org/W2087854787","https://openalex.org/W2105662747","https://openalex.org/W2130703280","https://openalex.org/W2135616346","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2425858923","https://openalex.org/W2475402802","https://openalex.org/W2496675188","https://openalex.org/W2515091366","https://openalex.org/W2579446145","https://openalex.org/W2610329028","https://openalex.org/W2610909953","https://openalex.org/W2743734641","https://openalex.org/W2745144457","https://openalex.org/W2783226629","https://openalex.org/W2794247999","https://openalex.org/W2799668953","https://openalex.org/W2895658484","https://openalex.org/W2914073280","https://openalex.org/W2915285864","https://openalex.org/W2949434712","https://openalex.org/W2972184947","https://openalex.org/W3087568198","https://openalex.org/W3098519726","https://openalex.org/W3103829738","https://openalex.org/W3125623106","https://openalex.org/W6601424805","https://openalex.org/W6631946499","https://openalex.org/W6763926243","https://openalex.org/W6783017132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1063565629","https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W861681965","https://openalex.org/W4205268161","https://openalex.org/W1880567472","https://openalex.org/W2185134528","https://openalex.org/W1480950979","https://openalex.org/W768830397","https://openalex.org/W163976187","https://openalex.org/W2105697914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bike":[0],"sharing":[1],"systems":[2],"(BSSs)":[3],"are":[4,18,73,129,156],"becoming":[5],"an":[6,174,241],"important":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,40,43,69,135,143,216,237],"urban":[10],"mobility":[11],"in":[12,61,100,114,120,182,240],"many":[13],"cities":[14],"given":[15],"that":[16,200],"they":[17],"sustainable":[19],"and":[20,31,122,147,165,192,211],"environmentally":[21],"friendly.":[22],"BSS":[23],"operators":[24],"spend":[25],"great":[26],"efforts":[27],"to":[28,83,158,186,230],"ensure":[29],"bike":[30,176],"dock":[32],"availability":[33],"at":[34,126,219],"each":[35,44],"station.":[36],"Measuring":[37],"the":[38,47,62,67,89,101,111,117,132,136,160,188,193,201,207,217,224,235],"quality":[39],"service":[41],"(QoS)":[42],"station":[45],"and/or":[46],"entire":[48],"system":[49,54],"is":[50,64,139,204],"critical":[51],"for":[52,168,234],"efficient":[53],"operations.":[55],"The":[56],"traditionally-known":[57,189,208],"QoS":[58,108,190,209,218],"measure":[59,86,191],"reported":[60],"literature":[63],"based":[65],"on":[66],"proportion":[68],"problematic":[70],"stations,":[71],"which":[72,150],"defined":[74],"as":[75],"those":[76],"with":[77],"no":[78],"bikes":[79],"or":[80],"docks":[81],"available":[82],"users.":[84],"This":[85,171],"neither":[87],"exposes":[88],"spatial":[90,161,169],"dependencies":[91],"between":[92,98],"stations":[93,99,128,181,239],"nor":[94],"does":[95],"it":[96],"discriminate":[97],"BSS.":[102,243],"Hence,":[103],"we":[104],"propose":[105],"a":[106,213],"novel":[107],"measure,":[109,210],"namely":[110],"Optimal":[112,137,162,195,202,225],"Occupancy,":[113],"which:":[115],"1)":[116],"temporal":[118],"variations":[119,164],"arrival":[121],"pick":[123],"up":[124],"rates":[125],"individual":[127],"considered;":[130],"2)":[131],"discriminative":[133],"property":[134],"Occupancy":[138,163,196,203,226],"demonstrated":[140],"using":[141],"Analysis":[142],"Variance":[144],"(ANOVA)":[145],"procedures;":[146],"3)":[148],"geo-statistics,":[149],"have":[151],"not":[152],"been":[153],"used":[154,229],"before,":[155],"applied":[157],"explore":[159],"model":[166],"variograms":[167],"prediction.":[170],"study":[172],"uses":[173],"anonymized":[175],"trip":[177],"dataset":[178],"from":[179],"34":[180],"downtown":[183],"San":[184],"Francisco":[185],"compare":[187],"proposed":[194],"measure.":[197],"Results":[198],"reveal":[199],"beneficial,":[205],"outperforms":[206],"produces":[212],"better":[214],"prediction":[215],"nearby":[220],"locations.":[221],"In":[222],"addition,":[223],"can":[227],"be":[228],"predict":[231],"candidate":[232],"locations":[233],"introduction":[236],"new":[238],"existing":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
