{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206798118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3127352","title":"A Hybrid Cooperative Method With L\u00e9vy Flights for Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling","display_name":"A Hybrid Cooperative Method With L\u00e9vy Flights for Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206798118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3127352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3127352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3127352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040362114","display_name":"Arun Kumar Kalakanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-9121"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Kumar Kalakanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Software (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Research and Development), Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-9121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Software (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Research and Development), Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055571512","display_name":"Shrisha Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shrisha Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-5103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81211585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"14306","last_page":"14321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5796032547950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5662378072738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5559508800506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5280835628509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5128664970397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4802808463573456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.4560215473175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24998989701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0695967972278595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5796032547950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5662378072738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5559508800506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5280835628509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5128664970397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4802808463573456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.4560215473175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24998989701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0695967972278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3127352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3127352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491849662","https://openalex.org/W1572758626","https://openalex.org/W1578668725","https://openalex.org/W1597735166","https://openalex.org/W1955291487","https://openalex.org/W1974895230","https://openalex.org/W1983057780","https://openalex.org/W2002048403","https://openalex.org/W2003912133","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2007864618","https://openalex.org/W2034438158","https://openalex.org/W2035082769","https://openalex.org/W2046408772","https://openalex.org/W2068680147","https://openalex.org/W2086229998","https://openalex.org/W2090861152","https://openalex.org/W2096667044","https://openalex.org/W2122821937","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2218409824","https://openalex.org/W2282226143","https://openalex.org/W2294108919","https://openalex.org/W2342546046","https://openalex.org/W2342596926","https://openalex.org/W2344152126","https://openalex.org/W2460563573","https://openalex.org/W2464527493","https://openalex.org/W2558932716","https://openalex.org/W2569031296","https://openalex.org/W2614130787","https://openalex.org/W2752573522","https://openalex.org/W2755164733","https://openalex.org/W2762432188","https://openalex.org/W2797485770","https://openalex.org/W2887152558","https://openalex.org/W2887471996","https://openalex.org/W2888159215","https://openalex.org/W2891203944","https://openalex.org/W2895851783","https://openalex.org/W2900324335","https://openalex.org/W2904926162","https://openalex.org/W2911116400","https://openalex.org/W2921660753","https://openalex.org/W2945668442","https://openalex.org/W2946958053","https://openalex.org/W2963749764","https://openalex.org/W2980467302","https://openalex.org/W2982557718","https://openalex.org/W3003124918","https://openalex.org/W3007429292","https://openalex.org/W3033940652","https://openalex.org/W3083274155","https://openalex.org/W3088650053","https://openalex.org/W3107962506","https://openalex.org/W3114366169","https://openalex.org/W3121797673","https://openalex.org/W4229549058","https://openalex.org/W4254737183","https://openalex.org/W4321268822","https://openalex.org/W6681970414","https://openalex.org/W6694502036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W97075385","https://openalex.org/W2241146626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,80,125,170,182,198,217,225,234],"advent":[2],"of":[3,82,108,158,172,205,227],"electric":[4,11],"vehicles":[5],"(EVs),":[6],"issues":[7],"connected":[8],"to":[9,66,77,138,145,196,215],"vehicle":[12],"charging":[13,52,61,117],"scheduling":[14],"(EVCS)":[15],"problem,":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18,192],"<inline-formula":[19],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[20],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[21],"<tex-math":[22],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\textsf":[23],"{NP}$":[24],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[25],"-hard,":[26],"have":[27,46,135,139,209],"become":[28],"important.":[29],"In":[30,111,131],"previous":[31,132],"studies,":[32,133],"EVCS":[33,126,174],"has":[34,74,160],"been":[35,136,161,210],"mainly":[36],"formulated":[37],"as":[38,51],"a":[39,105,120,187],"constrained":[40],"shortest-path":[41],"problem;":[42],"however,":[43,142],"such":[44,50],"formulations":[45],"not":[47],"involved":[48],"variables":[49],"rates,":[53],"traffic":[54],"congestion,":[55],"scalability,":[56],"and":[57,115,149,181,194,207,233],"waiting":[58,151],"time":[59],"at":[60,119,153],"station":[62,121],"(CS),":[63],"that":[64],"need":[65],"be":[67],"considered":[68,123,137,162],"in":[69,124,143,163,212],"practical":[70,129],"settings.":[71],"Earlier":[72],"research":[73],"also":[75,168],"tended":[76],"focus":[78],"on":[79,230],"strengths":[81],"particular":[83],"evolutionary":[84],"optimization":[85,94],"algorithms":[86],"like":[87],"differential":[88],"evolution":[89],"(DE)":[90],"or":[91,98],"particle":[92],"swarm":[93],"(PSO)":[95],"over":[96],"others":[97],"traditional":[99],"mathematical":[100],"programming":[101],"methods,":[102],"with":[103,186],"only":[104],"limited":[106],"study":[107],"hybrid":[109,177,202,220],"approaches.":[110],"this":[112,164,213],"paper,":[113],"fast":[114],"slow":[116],"options":[118],"are":[122],"problem":[127],"for":[128],"use.":[130],"EVs":[134,159],"fixed":[140],"speeds;":[141],"order":[144],"mitigate":[146],"CS":[147],"congestion":[148],"thus":[150],"times":[152],"CSs,":[154],"dynamic":[155],"speed":[156],"control":[157],"work.":[165],"This":[166],"work":[167],"investigates":[169],"scalability":[171],"different":[173,201],"solutions.":[175],"A":[176],"approach":[178,229],"using":[179],"PSO":[180,206],"Firefly":[183],"algorithm":[184],"(FFA)":[185],"L\u00e9vy":[188],"flights":[189],"search":[190],"strategy":[191],"designed":[193],"implemented":[195],"solve":[197],"EVCS.":[199],"Also,":[200],"methods":[203],"variants":[204],"FFA":[208],"evaluated":[211],"paper":[214],"find":[216],"best":[218],"performing":[219],"variant.":[221],"Experimental":[222],"results":[223],"validate":[224],"effectiveness":[226],"our":[228],"both":[231],"synthetic":[232],"real-world":[235],"transportation":[236],"networks.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}