{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208785722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","title":"Attack Modeling Methodology and Taxonomy for Intelligent Transportation Systems","display_name":"Attack Modeling Methodology and Taxonomy for Intelligent Transportation Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208785722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","mag":"3208785722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083668079","display_name":"Anthony Bahadir Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-829X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Bahadir Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-829X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041976995","display_name":"Wen\u2010Long Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-8377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140791","display_name":"Irvine University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ysmca02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Long Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-8377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055814180","display_name":"Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-0497"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Adbullah Al Faruque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-0497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50697554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"13255","last_page":"13264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6597291231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.618015468120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5021963119506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4858565032482147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47971123456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.47348034381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-network","display_name":"Flow network","score":0.4455389678478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.43455901741981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.375601589679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3436684012413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33727943897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20904678106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.18130889534950256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6597291231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.618015468120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5021963119506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4858565032482147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47971123456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.47348034381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.4455389678478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43455901741981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.375601589679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3436684012413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33727943897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20904678106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.18130889534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3123193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185142374","https://openalex.org/W1518563014","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W2008102069","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2032549372","https://openalex.org/W2162780194","https://openalex.org/W2185273653","https://openalex.org/W2255755911","https://openalex.org/W2312155315","https://openalex.org/W2328473443","https://openalex.org/W2429570132","https://openalex.org/W2519644759","https://openalex.org/W2611814963","https://openalex.org/W2747175208","https://openalex.org/W2759471388","https://openalex.org/W2765299524","https://openalex.org/W2792291478","https://openalex.org/W2792428116","https://openalex.org/W2798437785","https://openalex.org/W2798482427","https://openalex.org/W2946045677","https://openalex.org/W2962991181","https://openalex.org/W2975720376","https://openalex.org/W2980110727","https://openalex.org/W4242104466","https://openalex.org/W4244705237","https://openalex.org/W6600981286","https://openalex.org/W6603557143","https://openalex.org/W6617881204","https://openalex.org/W6679536036","https://openalex.org/W6684089654","https://openalex.org/W6686607781","https://openalex.org/W6691757437","https://openalex.org/W6698699935","https://openalex.org/W6731781941","https://openalex.org/W6750976661","https://openalex.org/W6769293770","https://openalex.org/W6995533271"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351662919","https://openalex.org/W2206906097","https://openalex.org/W2069289216","https://openalex.org/W2381257367","https://openalex.org/W2765839619","https://openalex.org/W2532382881","https://openalex.org/W2801173674","https://openalex.org/W3091369929","https://openalex.org/W2756178382","https://openalex.org/W3136532461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"newer":[1],"technologies,":[2],"the":[3,60,104,116,132],"embedded":[4],"hardware":[5],"and":[6,11,20,29,40,50,57,86,98,127,147],"software":[7],"in":[8,25,70,84,91],"traditional":[9],"vehicles":[10],"traffic":[12],"control":[13],"infrastructure":[14],"continue":[15],"to":[16,54],"become":[17],"more":[18,21],"interconnected":[19],"vulnerable.":[22],"To":[23],"assist":[24],"dealing":[26],"with":[27,78],"existing":[28],"potential":[30],"vulnerabilities,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"a":[34,111],"novel":[35],"attack":[36,122],"modeling":[37],"methodology,":[38],"taxonomy,":[39],"metrics":[41],"(relative":[42],"average":[43,46,140],"waiting":[44],"time,":[45],"network":[47,144],"flow,":[48],"impacts":[49],"rate":[51,133],"of":[52,62,134,139],"changes)":[53],"model,":[55],"simulate,":[56],"meaningfully":[58],"evaluate":[59],"security":[61],"Intelligent":[63,88],"Transportation":[64],"Systems.":[65],"We":[66,113],"implement":[67],"our":[68],"work":[69],"two":[71],"different":[72],"architectures:":[73],"1)":[74],"Newell\u2019s":[75],"Car-Following":[76],"Model":[77,90],"Bounded":[79],"Acceleration":[80],"(the":[81],"BA-Newell":[82],"Model)":[83],"Matlab":[85],"2)":[87],"Driver":[89],"Veins.":[92],"Our":[93],"code":[94],"is":[95],"entirely":[96],"open-sourced":[97],"will":[99],"be":[100],"maintained":[101],"so":[102],"that":[103,115],"ITS":[105],"community":[106],"may":[107],"use":[108],"it":[109],"as":[110],"tool.":[112],"observe":[114],"architectural-related":[117],"metric":[118],"values":[119,136],"for":[120,130,143,149],"sample":[121],"simulation":[123],"results":[124],"are":[125],"similar":[126],"transferable;":[128],"where,":[129],"example,":[131],"change":[135],"have":[137],"range":[138],"distances":[141],"1.8-3.5%":[142],"flow":[145],"impact":[146],"3.3-9.6%":[148],"wait":[150],"time":[151],"impact.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}