{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203925388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","title":"Three Byte-Based Mutual Authentication Scheme for Autonomous Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"Three Byte-Based Mutual Authentication Scheme for Autonomous Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203925388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","mag":"3203925388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Adil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79571142","display_name":"Virtual University of Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/00ya1zd25","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79571142"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-4581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79571142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056586306","display_name":"Jehad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jehad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and the Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and the Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060212021","display_name":"Muhammad Attique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7237-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Attique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7237-180X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742413","display_name":"Muhammad Mohsin Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mohsin Jadoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042388205","display_name":"Safia Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safia Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-2006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023380708","display_name":"Sattam Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sattam Rabia Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082491697","display_name":"Varun G. Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-9900"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun G. Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-9900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601750","display_name":"Ahmed Farouk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-7342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Farouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-7342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91656508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"9358","last_page":"9369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.7731063365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7544037699699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265480160713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.7175297737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6475479602813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-extensible-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","score":0.5735951662063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.4506174325942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.43587690591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4124802350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34848013520240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.12936681509017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.11768841743469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07988917827606201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.7731063365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7544037699699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265480160713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.7175297737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6475479602813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167169670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824705","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.5735951662063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.4506174325942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.43587690591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4124802350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34848013520240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.12936681509017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.11768841743469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07988917827606201}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3114507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998949821","https://openalex.org/W2074012704","https://openalex.org/W2295250376","https://openalex.org/W2341949230","https://openalex.org/W2473428065","https://openalex.org/W2500049820","https://openalex.org/W2799542407","https://openalex.org/W2799867512","https://openalex.org/W2802340657","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2888365261","https://openalex.org/W2890569001","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2898366800","https://openalex.org/W2904393593","https://openalex.org/W2913127416","https://openalex.org/W2915686220","https://openalex.org/W2955445038","https://openalex.org/W2995268338","https://openalex.org/W3004421451","https://openalex.org/W3010459574","https://openalex.org/W3083117867","https://openalex.org/W3135568425","https://openalex.org/W3141277681","https://openalex.org/W3154221208","https://openalex.org/W3164731693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399882206","https://openalex.org/W2781471626","https://openalex.org/W2482813613","https://openalex.org/W2043851470","https://openalex.org/W2736044769","https://openalex.org/W2364053809","https://openalex.org/W106082050","https://openalex.org/W2364805998","https://openalex.org/W3201780008","https://openalex.org/W1992264324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,105,181],"three-byte-based":[6],"Media":[7],"Access":[8],"Control":[9],"(MAC)":[10],"protocol":[11],"to":[12,87],"resolve":[13],"the":[14,27,36,42,45,58,65,73,78,85,89,94,101,112,125,137,141,145,148,157,160,164,168,178,188,198,203,212,220,245],"mutual":[15],"authentication":[16,46,90,138,222,231],"problem":[17],"in":[18,57,124,144,159,177,187,197,211,228,244,249],"an":[19,117],"Autonomous":[20],"Internet":[21],"of":[22,77,100,111,116,133,151,171,202,230],"Vehicles":[23],"(AIoV)":[24],"network.":[25,146],"Initially,":[26,147],"network":[28,126,226],"architecture":[29],"is":[30,50,62,174,192,205],"divided":[31],"into":[32],"two":[33],"chains,":[34],"i.e.":[35],"local":[37,43,199,215],"and":[38,47,135,185,209,214,224,237,254],"public":[39,59,161,189,213],"chain,":[40,190],"wherein":[41],"chain":[44,60,162],"communication":[48],"process":[49],"controlled":[51,63],"by":[52,64,92,207],"Cluster":[53],"head":[54],"(CH),":[55],"while":[56],"it":[61],"base":[66],"station":[67],"(BS).":[68],"The":[69],"proposed":[70],"paradigm":[71],"uses":[72],"48-bit":[74],"MAC":[75,102,119,149],"address":[76,103,120],"vehicle\u2019s":[79],"embedded":[80],"sensors":[81],"for":[82],"authentication,":[83],"with":[84,104,140,156,180,232,241],"ability":[86],"alter":[88],"parameters":[91],"triggering":[93,110,170],"last":[95,113],"three":[96,114],"bytes":[97,115],"(24":[98],"bits)":[99],"predetermined":[106],"time":[107,183],"interval.":[108],"Persistent":[109],"AIoV\u2019s":[118],"guarantees":[121],"its":[122],"integrity":[123],"because":[127],"only":[128],"legal":[129],"vehicles":[130,143],"are":[131,154],"capable":[132],"initiating":[134],"validating":[136],"request":[139],"other":[142],"addresses":[150],"all":[152],"AIoVs":[153,173],"registered":[155,172],"BS":[158,179,208],"through":[163,195],"concerned":[165],"CH.":[166],"Likewise,":[167],"MAC-address":[169],"carried":[175],"out":[176],"defined":[182],"period":[184],"broadcasted":[186],"which":[191,218],"further":[193],"distributed":[194],"CHs":[196],"chain.":[200],"Most":[201],"computation":[204],"supervised":[206],"CH":[210],"chains":[216],"respectively,":[217],"minimize":[219],"client-side":[221],"complexity":[223],"enhances":[225],"efficiency":[227],"terms":[229],"98.3%":[233],"detection":[234],"rate,":[235],"communications,":[236],"computing":[238],"costs,":[239],"along":[240],"11%":[242],"improvement":[243,248],"latency,":[246],"15%":[247],"packet":[250],"loss":[251],"ratio":[252],"(PLR),":[253],"throughput.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}