{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200986238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","title":"Unmanned Aircraft System Airspace Structure and Safety Measures Based on Spatial Digital Twins","display_name":"Unmanned Aircraft System Airspace Structure and Safety Measures Based on Spatial Digital Twins","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200986238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","mag":"3200986238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101598070","display_name":"Weixi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weixi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452134","display_name":"Xiaoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-368X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028865865","display_name":"Linfu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial and Spatial Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023204809","display_name":"Haibin Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331374319","display_name":"National Bureau of Statistics of China","ror":"https://ror.org/008zm7t63","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331374319","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["North China Sea Offshore Engineering Survey Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources North Sea Bureau, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North China Sea Offshore Engineering Survey Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources North Sea Bureau, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331374319","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108044017","display_name":"Zhihan Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9452-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158139","display_name":"Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3vcy91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210158139"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158139","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101598070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.4465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9965948,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"2809","last_page":"2818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6946351528167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6268793344497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6225879788398743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5481789112091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5298680663108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.4566172957420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.43403393030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35584378242492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32013222575187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1935090720653534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6946351528167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6268793344497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6225879788398743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5481789112091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5298680663108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.4566172957420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.43403393030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35584378242492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32013222575187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1935090720653534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3108995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1254770587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515011872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364764339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2843112696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2846486089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5355195360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801954405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6402906622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515010748","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8977432640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2571149404","https://openalex.org/W2597364644","https://openalex.org/W2782556342","https://openalex.org/W2800467193","https://openalex.org/W2804532917","https://openalex.org/W2804543662","https://openalex.org/W2883342142","https://openalex.org/W2885413771","https://openalex.org/W2888360891","https://openalex.org/W2889655092","https://openalex.org/W2900400615","https://openalex.org/W2901897701","https://openalex.org/W2915706240","https://openalex.org/W2917161534","https://openalex.org/W2923071719","https://openalex.org/W2938316420","https://openalex.org/W2957382329","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2963407762","https://openalex.org/W2963899602","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W2990557569","https://openalex.org/W3004946548","https://openalex.org/W3006269339","https://openalex.org/W3008565796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1926736923","https://openalex.org/W2158836806","https://openalex.org/W2393816671","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W2942177010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"explore":[1],"the":[2,20,59,62,72,75,78,87,96,99,103,111,123,126,136,141,148,153,164,172,181,189,196,199,210,214,222,228,235,244,247,254,260,268,272,284,288,291],"airspace":[3,276],"structure":[4],"and":[5,25,48,129,140],"safety":[6,203,250,269],"performance":[7,51,101,270],"of":[8,39,61,74,80,98,102,125,138,143,150,157,166,175,183,198,201,237,271,287],"unmanned":[9,104],"aerial":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(UAV)":[12],"system":[13,38,63,263],"based":[14],"on":[15],"spatial":[16],"digital":[17],"twins":[18],"(DTs),":[19],"study":[21],"introduces":[22],"DTs":[23,37,262],"technology,":[24,47],"combines":[26],"convolutional":[27],"neural":[28],"network":[29,100,128,202,249],"(CNN)":[30],"algorithm":[31,116,160],"with":[32,71],"UAV":[33,40,245,261,273,289],"autonomous":[34],"network.":[35],"The":[36,54],"is":[41,52,68,108,168,178,185,192,206,218,226,231,240,257],"constructed":[42,264],"by":[43,133],"using":[44,209],"wireless":[45],"communication":[46],"its":[49,131,275],"security":[50],"simulated.":[53],"results":[55],"show":[56],"that":[57,70,110,208,259],"in":[58,290],"analysis":[60,97,197],"packet":[64,88],"loss":[65,89],"rate,":[66],"it":[67,107,205,256],"found":[69,109,207,258],"increase":[73,122],"acquisition":[76,216],"points,":[77],"amount":[79],"transmitted":[81],"data":[82],"only":[83],"increases":[84],"slightly,":[85],"but":[86],"rate":[90,174],"does":[91],"not":[92],"change":[93],"significantly.":[94],"In":[95,195],"aircraft":[105],"system,":[106],"node":[112],"energy-based":[113],"weighted":[114],"clustering":[115,159],"(EWCA)":[117],"can":[118,265,279],"be":[119],"used":[120],"to":[121,220,242],"life":[124],"overall":[127],"enhance":[130],"availability":[132],"rationally":[134],"controlling":[135],"number":[137,142,149,165,182,236],"nodes":[139,151,167,184,239],"switching":[144],"between":[145],"clusters.":[146],"As":[147],"increases,":[152],"minimum":[154],"survival":[155],"time":[156],"each":[158],"decreases":[161],"linearly.":[162],"When":[163,180],"less":[169],"than":[170,187],"600,":[171,188],"growth":[173,191],"cluster":[176],"head":[177],"higher;":[179],"more":[186],"curve":[190],"relatively":[193],"smooth.":[194],"probability":[200],"interruption,":[204],"model":[211],"constructed,":[212],"when":[213,234],"energy":[215,223],"coefficient":[217],"close":[219],"0.5,":[221],"conversion":[224],"efficiency":[225],"higher,":[227],"signal-to-noise":[229],"ratio":[230],"larger.":[232],"Also,":[233],"intermediate":[238],"increased":[241],"10,":[243],"has":[246],"best":[248],"performance.":[251],"Therefore,":[252],"through":[253],"research,":[255],"significantly":[266],"improve":[267],"during":[274],"flight.":[277],"It":[278],"provide":[280],"experimental":[281],"references":[282],"for":[283],"widespread":[285],"application":[286],"later":[292],"period.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
