{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031868989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","title":"Exploring Spatial Significance via Hybrid Pyramidal Graph Network for Vehicle Re-Identification","display_name":"Exploring Spatial Significance via Hybrid Pyramidal Graph Network for Vehicle Re-Identification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031868989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","mag":"3031868989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14684","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075489680","display_name":"Fei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9749-0234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033119978","display_name":"Jianqing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078514263","display_name":"Xiaobin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562216","display_name":"Yi Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082068608","display_name":"Jingchang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingchang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075489680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98784941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"8793","last_page":"8804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6138423085212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6008819937705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4940841495990753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49259263277053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48405852913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.47388121485710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4719749391078949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.453681617975235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-network","display_name":"Spatial network","score":0.4463028907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3219299018383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24285563826560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17805540561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1245928704738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07047519087791443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6138423085212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6008819937705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4940841495990753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49259263277053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48405852913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.47388121485710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4719749391078949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.453681617975235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53471067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574076","display_name":"Spatial network","level":2,"score":0.4463028907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3219299018383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24285563826560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17805540561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1245928704738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07047519087791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3086142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.14684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14684","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.14684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14684","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G481027456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0803700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5463489628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018C115R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329898","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Bureau of Quanzhou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6963955736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329898","display_name":"Science and Technology Bureau of Quanzhou","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1958236864","https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W2048821851","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2470322391","https://openalex.org/W2512434173","https://openalex.org/W2519904008","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2549858646","https://openalex.org/W2585635281","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2750699122","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2756012011","https://openalex.org/W2756261853","https://openalex.org/W2776879428","https://openalex.org/W2779954854","https://openalex.org/W2788212895","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2789546350","https://openalex.org/W2789938689","https://openalex.org/W2799251491","https://openalex.org/W2802810579","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2811124557","https://openalex.org/W2883638665","https://openalex.org/W2885476150","https://openalex.org/W2889929596","https://openalex.org/W2893828708","https://openalex.org/W2903318697","https://openalex.org/W2912943592","https://openalex.org/W2915544703","https://openalex.org/W2917267381","https://openalex.org/W2919317477","https://openalex.org/W2932399282","https://openalex.org/W2936222941","https://openalex.org/W2938503583","https://openalex.org/W2940457086","https://openalex.org/W2948058585","https://openalex.org/W2951491521","https://openalex.org/W2951659295","https://openalex.org/W2953759675","https://openalex.org/W2954392664","https://openalex.org/W2954400197","https://openalex.org/W2954556822","https://openalex.org/W2954578242","https://openalex.org/W2954722413","https://openalex.org/W2955854238","https://openalex.org/W2956119992","https://openalex.org/W2959121057","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963200533","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2963977416","https://openalex.org/W2963989829","https://openalex.org/W2964006613","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964879822","https://openalex.org/W2965843888","https://openalex.org/W2968459853","https://openalex.org/W2970584431","https://openalex.org/W2970955932","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2971105205","https://openalex.org/W2973183043","https://openalex.org/W2977696760","https://openalex.org/W2979152723","https://openalex.org/W2980046511","https://openalex.org/W2982029383","https://openalex.org/W2982041213","https://openalex.org/W2983188006","https://openalex.org/W2986968301","https://openalex.org/W2989137337","https://openalex.org/W2989607888","https://openalex.org/W2991522752","https://openalex.org/W2996695408","https://openalex.org/W2998310459","https://openalex.org/W2998508940","https://openalex.org/W2999111188","https://openalex.org/W3011394296","https://openalex.org/W3020152020","https://openalex.org/W3034627172","https://openalex.org/W3035645942","https://openalex.org/W3043127422","https://openalex.org/W3088275997","https://openalex.org/W3092740872","https://openalex.org/W3093945832","https://openalex.org/W3096818755","https://openalex.org/W3098409225","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3105077954","https://openalex.org/W3105884666","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109976024","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4387969510","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6753331806","https://openalex.org/W6764653422","https://openalex.org/W6765054174","https://openalex.org/W6765147879","https://openalex.org/W6765726935","https://openalex.org/W6765948799","https://openalex.org/W6783777085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W3015684221","https://openalex.org/W2990436499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"vehicle":[1,44,199,215],"re-identification":[2,45,216],"methods":[3],"commonly":[4],"use":[5],"spatial":[6,36,53,63,72,85,101,146],"pooling":[7],"operations":[8],"to":[9,59,88,108,125,142,213,237],"aggregate":[10],"feature":[11,39,66,78,149,168],"maps":[12,150,169],"extracted":[13],"via":[14],"off-the-shelf":[15],"backbone":[16,191,239],"networks,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,81],"visual":[20],"geometry":[21],"group":[22],"network":[23,26,30,55,138,179],"(VGGNet),":[24],"Google":[25],"(GoogLeNet)":[27],"and":[28,83,99,163,204,224],"residual":[29],"(ResNet).":[31],"They":[32],"ignore":[33],"exploring":[34],"the":[35,43,62,94,109,113,127,130,145,185,208,232],"significance":[37,64,128,147],"of":[38,65,148,170,220],"maps,":[40],"eventually":[41],"degrading":[42],"performance.":[46],"In":[47,227],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"firstly,":[50],"an":[51,104],"innovative":[52],"graph":[54,137,178],"(SGN)":[56],"is":[57,119,140,181,211,235],"proposed":[58,209,233],"elaborately":[60],"explore":[61,144],"maps.":[67],"The":[68,154],"SGN":[69,166],"stacks":[70],"multiple":[71,152,157],"graphs":[73],"(SGs).":[74],"Each":[75],"SG":[76,105],"assigns":[77],"map\u2019s":[79],"elements":[80],"nodes":[82],"utilizes":[84],"neighborhood":[86],"relationships":[87],"determine":[89],"edges":[90],"among":[91],"nodes.":[92],"During":[93],"SGN\u2019s":[95],"propagation,":[96],"each":[97,116,165],"node":[98,118],"its":[100],"neighbors":[102],"on":[103,195],"are":[106],"aggregated":[107,117],"next":[110,114],"SG.":[111],"On":[112],"SG,":[115],"re-weighted":[120],"with":[121],"a":[122,134,160,171,175,188],"learnable":[123],"parameter":[124,222],"find":[126],"at":[129,151],"corresponding":[131],"location.":[132],"Secondly,":[133],"novel":[135],"pyramidal":[136,161,177],"(PGN)":[139],"designed":[141],"comprehensively":[143],"scales.":[153],"PGN":[155,186,234],"organizes":[156],"SGNs":[158],"in":[159,218],"manner":[162],"makes":[164],"handles":[167],"specific":[172],"scale.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"hybrid":[176],"(HPGN)":[180],"developed":[182],"by":[183],"embedding":[184],"behind":[187],"ResNet-50":[189],"based":[190],"network.":[192],"Extensive":[193],"experiments":[194,229],"three":[196],"large":[197],"scale":[198],"databases":[200],"(i.e.,":[201],"VeRi776,":[202],"VehicleID,":[203],"VeRi-Wild)":[205],"demonstrate":[206],"that":[207,231],"HPGN":[210],"superior":[212],"state-of-the-art":[214],"approaches":[217],"terms":[219],"accuracy,":[221],"cost,":[223],"computation":[225],"cost.":[226],"addition,":[228],"show":[230],"universal":[236],"various":[238],"networks.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}