{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170622943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","title":"What is the Root Cause of Congestion in Urban Traffic Networks: Road Infrastructure or Signal Control?","display_name":"What is the Root Cause of Congestion in Urban Traffic Networks: Road Infrastructure or Signal Control?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170622943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","mag":"3170622943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034502293","display_name":"Wenwei Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-5911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenwei Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015340798","display_name":"Changle Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changle Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032991417","display_name":"Yue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010309828","display_name":"Peibo Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-8404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peibo Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036000787","display_name":"Guoqiang Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Smart Transportation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034502293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9177293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"8662","last_page":"8679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion-reconstruction-with-kerners-three-phase-theory","display_name":"Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory","score":0.6828420758247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.6038033962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5836147665977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.5080273151397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.48079007863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-bottleneck","display_name":"Traffic bottleneck","score":0.4769550561904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.46778595447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause","display_name":"Root cause","score":0.4586792588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-car-data","display_name":"Floating car data","score":0.4216439127922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-optimization","display_name":"Traffic optimization","score":0.404549241065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3185073137283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3069581985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2574240565299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.08025199174880981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25492975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960570","display_name":"Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory","level":3,"score":0.6828420758247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.6038033962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5836147665977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.5080273151397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.48079007863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3111645","display_name":"Traffic bottleneck","level":5,"score":0.4769550561904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.46778595447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.4586792588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.4216439127922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86266404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832512","display_name":"Traffic optimization","level":4,"score":0.404549241065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3185073137283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3069581985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2574240565299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.08025199174880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3085021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905520761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1801266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7508658136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1600100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559240825","https://openalex.org/W1582828064","https://openalex.org/W1766637835","https://openalex.org/W1909515509","https://openalex.org/W1972314457","https://openalex.org/W1976032477","https://openalex.org/W2011504240","https://openalex.org/W2029657050","https://openalex.org/W2038691660","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2070937871","https://openalex.org/W2085569158","https://openalex.org/W2095635907","https://openalex.org/W2095947665","https://openalex.org/W2099051099","https://openalex.org/W2108848617","https://openalex.org/W2109512243","https://openalex.org/W2114531005","https://openalex.org/W2123162799","https://openalex.org/W2125001944","https://openalex.org/W2131398657","https://openalex.org/W2135017202","https://openalex.org/W2135993038","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2139728973","https://openalex.org/W2150498351","https://openalex.org/W2163236750","https://openalex.org/W2167109052","https://openalex.org/W2255467824","https://openalex.org/W2325932209","https://openalex.org/W2463516922","https://openalex.org/W2472245890","https://openalex.org/W2506082243","https://openalex.org/W2567881713","https://openalex.org/W2600775919","https://openalex.org/W2611804663","https://openalex.org/W2613084637","https://openalex.org/W2900207796","https://openalex.org/W2915117209","https://openalex.org/W2954494060","https://openalex.org/W2954616501","https://openalex.org/W3011019592","https://openalex.org/W3011423849","https://openalex.org/W6633645324","https://openalex.org/W6637930290","https://openalex.org/W6655832309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161957991","https://openalex.org/W2064543875","https://openalex.org/W642444140","https://openalex.org/W4254844281","https://openalex.org/W4256033520","https://openalex.org/W2347681112","https://openalex.org/W2361775397","https://openalex.org/W2383233144","https://openalex.org/W2077900203","https://openalex.org/W2895639930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"the":[1,27,48,70,92,124,147,167,195,205,220,224],"root":[2,61,150,168,207,221],"cause":[3,62,151,169,222],"of":[4,18,29,51,55,69,94,170,190,197,227],"congestion":[5,30,83,95,107,111,115,135,171,206],"and":[6,76,88,99,113,121,142,179,203],"taking":[7],"appropriate":[8],"strategies":[9,42,178],"to":[10,35,90,96,109,133,165,173,218],"improve":[11],"traffic":[12,77,174,183],"network":[13,226],"performance":[14],"are":[15,31,45,210],"important":[16],"goals":[17],"Advanced":[19],"Traffic":[20],"Management":[21],"Systems":[22],"(ATMS).":[23],"On":[24],"many":[25],"occasions,":[26],"causes":[28,93],"not":[32],"necessarily":[33],"attributable":[34],"road":[36,74,86,97,119,126,140,180,225],"infrastructures":[37],"themselves.":[38],"Instead,":[39],"signal":[40,78,100,176],"control":[41,101,177],"at":[43],"intersections":[44,89,143],"very":[46],"often":[47],"major":[49],"contributors":[50],"congestion.":[52],"In":[53],"lieu":[54],"this,":[56],"in":[57,123,182,201],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"a":[60,156],"identification":[63],"method":[64,162,200],"is":[65,131,163],"developed":[66],"with":[67,145],"consideration":[68],"impact":[71],"from":[72],"both":[73],"infrastructure":[75,98],"control.":[79],"Firstly,":[80],"we":[81,104],"differentiate":[82],"effects":[84],"between":[85],"segments":[87,141],"attribute":[91],"respectively.":[102],"Then,":[103],"construct":[105],"causal":[106],"trees":[108],"model":[110,130],"propagation":[112],"quantify":[114],"costs":[116],"for":[117,223],"each":[118],"segment":[120],"intersection":[122],"whole":[125],"network.":[127],"A":[128],"Markov":[129],"utilized":[132],"capture":[134],"spatio-temporal":[136],"correlation":[137],"among":[138],"multiple":[139],"simultaneously,":[144],"which":[146],"most":[148],"critical":[149],"can":[152],"be":[153],"located.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"gradient":[157],"boosting":[158],"decision":[159],"tree":[160],"based":[161,187],"presented":[164],"predict":[166],"according":[172],"flows,":[175],"topology":[181],"networks.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"simulations":[186],"on":[188],"Simulation":[189],"Urban":[191],"Mobility":[192],"(SUMO)":[193],"validate":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"identifying":[202],"predicting":[204],"cause.":[208],"Experiments":[209],"further":[211],"conducted":[212],"using":[213],"inductive":[214],"loop":[215],"detector":[216],"data":[217],"identify":[219],"Taipei.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}