{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140965883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","title":"Synergies Between Transportation Systems, Energy Hub and the Grid in Smart Cities","display_name":"Synergies Between Transportation Systems, Energy Hub and the Grid in Smart Cities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140965883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","mag":"3140965883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085818561","display_name":"Morteza Sheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-8261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044090625","display_name":"Jamshid Aghaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamshid Aghaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT), Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-9148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT), Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004845587","display_name":"Hossein Chabok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-413X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Chabok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-413X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062080306","display_name":"Mahmoud Roustaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Roustaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079822116","display_name":"Taher Niknam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-6901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taher Niknam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-6901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013980122","display_name":"Abdollah Kavousi\u2010Fard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490172","display_name":"Shiraz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bxa3v83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdollah Kavousi-Fard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-8354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088560163","display_name":"Miadreza Shafie\u2010khah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","display_name":"University of Vaasa","ror":"https://ror.org/03769b225","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miadreza Shafie-Khah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-5355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065382518","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. S. Catal\u00e0o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao P. S. Catalao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-3051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9132037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"7371","last_page":"7385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6443079113960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6282891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.5456761121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5395488142967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5290074944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5031084418296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49339738488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.4521602988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.41403186321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.29472023248672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2746809124946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.156193345785141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.11441588401794434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6443079113960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6282891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.5456761121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5395488142967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5290074944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5031084418296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49339738488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.4521602988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.41403186321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.29472023248672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2746809124946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.156193345785141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.11441588401794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3069354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/13418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/13418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS:000732141300001","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G490552687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-010145-FEDER029803 (02/SAICT/2017)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965470801","https://openalex.org/W1967871858","https://openalex.org/W1968532954","https://openalex.org/W1988381049","https://openalex.org/W1990732781","https://openalex.org/W2001956722","https://openalex.org/W2046298081","https://openalex.org/W2052455079","https://openalex.org/W2057658771","https://openalex.org/W2063032533","https://openalex.org/W2064119603","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2072561200","https://openalex.org/W2096652461","https://openalex.org/W2104177071","https://openalex.org/W2127064888","https://openalex.org/W2139331021","https://openalex.org/W2141569810","https://openalex.org/W2164602826","https://openalex.org/W2211073057","https://openalex.org/W2274320394","https://openalex.org/W2415102664","https://openalex.org/W2614190843","https://openalex.org/W2626899783","https://openalex.org/W2762396704","https://openalex.org/W2792399510","https://openalex.org/W2794925686","https://openalex.org/W2891409086","https://openalex.org/W2897410039","https://openalex.org/W2903934265","https://openalex.org/W2930408285","https://openalex.org/W2947972344","https://openalex.org/W2951357036","https://openalex.org/W2979847038","https://openalex.org/W2980718180","https://openalex.org/W2983340916","https://openalex.org/W2986949576","https://openalex.org/W2998960369","https://openalex.org/W3005506432","https://openalex.org/W3005923616","https://openalex.org/W3016550389","https://openalex.org/W3030363216","https://openalex.org/W3105714802","https://openalex.org/W6684274558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W1527492423","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W4281944087","https://openalex.org/W4281648943","https://openalex.org/W4320467350","https://openalex.org/W3107906296","https://openalex.org/W2542091226","https://openalex.org/W2996166910","https://openalex.org/W4385712140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,166],"concept":[1],"of":[2,97,137,234,241,250],"smart":[3,24,28,220],"cities":[4,25],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,56,108,176],"an":[8,122],"ongoing":[9],"research":[10],"in":[11,73,218,245],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"In":[14,209],"this":[15,72,75,210,235],"case,":[16],"there":[17],"is":[18,126,170,216],"a":[19,78,87,109,163,173,177,219,225],"proven":[20],"association":[21],"between":[22],"the":[23,27,33,54,68,94,98,105,115,129,135,138,141,149,154,193,199,206,212,232,239,242,247,254,258,265],"and":[26,41,195,237,263],"devices,":[29],"which":[30,64,157,203],"have":[31,50,204],"caused":[32],"power":[34,69],"systems":[35],"to":[36,112,128,133,153,180,190,223,261],"become":[37],"more":[38],"flexible,":[39],"controllable":[40],"detectable.":[42],"Along":[43],"with":[44,114,192],"these":[45],"promising":[46],"results,":[47],"many":[48],"disputes":[49],"been":[51],"generated":[52],"over":[53],"cyber-attacks":[55],"unpredictable":[57],"destructive":[58],"threats,":[59],"if":[60],"not":[61],"properly":[62],"repelled,":[63],"could":[65],"seriously":[66],"endanger":[67],"system.":[70],"With":[71],"mind,":[74],"paper":[76],"explores":[77],"novel":[79],"stochastic":[80,164],"virtual":[81],"assignment":[82],"(SVA)":[83],"method":[84,244],"based":[85,161,171],"on":[86,162,172],"directed":[88],"acyclic":[89],"graph":[90],"(DAG)":[91],"approach,":[92],"where":[93],"essential":[95],"data":[96,106,130,139,144,155,183,266],"system":[99],"sections":[100],"are":[101,158],"broadcasted":[102],"decentralized":[103],"through":[104],"blocks,":[107,156],"worthwhile":[110],"step":[111],"deal":[113,191],"cyber":[116,251,259],"attacks\u2019":[117],"risk.":[118],"To":[119],"do":[120],"so,":[121],"additional":[123],"security":[124,136,214],"layer":[125],"added":[127],"blocks":[131],"aiming":[132],"enhance":[134],"against":[140],"long":[142],"lasting":[143],"sampling":[145],"by":[146],"virtually":[147],"assigning":[148],"hash":[150],"addresses":[151],"(HAs)":[152],"randomly":[159],"changed":[160],"process.":[165],"basic":[167],"network":[168],"architecture":[169],"Provchain":[174],"structure":[175],"new":[178],"framework":[179,215],"constantly":[181],"monitor":[182],"operation.":[184],"Two":[185],"pivotal":[186],"strategies":[187],"also":[188],"represented":[189],"energy":[194,227],"time":[196,255],"needed":[197,256],"for":[198,257],"HAs":[200],"generation":[201],"process,":[202],"improved":[205],"proposed":[207,213],"method.":[208],"paper,":[211],"implemented":[217],"city":[221],"environment":[222],"provide":[224],"secure":[226],"transaction":[228],"platform.":[229],"Results":[230],"show":[231],"authenticity":[233],"model":[236],"demonstrate":[238],"effectiveness":[240],"SVA":[243],"decreasing":[246],"successful":[248],"probability":[249],"threat,":[252],"increasing":[253],"attacker":[260],"decrypt":[262],"manipulate":[264],"block.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}