{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132231495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","title":"Mapping Grade-Separated Junctions in Detail Using Crowdsourced Trajectory Data","display_name":"Mapping Grade-Separated Junctions in Detail Using Crowdsourced Trajectory Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132231495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","mag":"3132231495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061090757","display_name":"Chang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-0865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-0865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076702960","display_name":"Luliang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luliang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047013658","display_name":"Xue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-9504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005987477","display_name":"Jed Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-3085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jed Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-3085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71790438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"5552","last_page":"5561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8141219615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.747946560382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6148866415023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6108464002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6052322387695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5717862248420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5155927538871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47965672612190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4246533513069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3916824460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3899936079978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15847653150558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08271974325180054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8141219615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.747946560382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6148866415023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6108464002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6052322387695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5717862248420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5155927538871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47965672612190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4246533513069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3916824460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3899936079978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15847653150558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08271974325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3054910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3951256900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4337888420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFE0200400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G437616428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8378795923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201906270227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8461565107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45038558","https://openalex.org/W192127869","https://openalex.org/W591080085","https://openalex.org/W1531148642","https://openalex.org/W1549735104","https://openalex.org/W1628082834","https://openalex.org/W1705505001","https://openalex.org/W1793984240","https://openalex.org/W1973692732","https://openalex.org/W1977869675","https://openalex.org/W1981599814","https://openalex.org/W1984972267","https://openalex.org/W1989620441","https://openalex.org/W1993100747","https://openalex.org/W2008725231","https://openalex.org/W2016509547","https://openalex.org/W2023932096","https://openalex.org/W2030391822","https://openalex.org/W2033969525","https://openalex.org/W2036569611","https://openalex.org/W2038713122","https://openalex.org/W2046556260","https://openalex.org/W2071091794","https://openalex.org/W2077581160","https://openalex.org/W2085896415","https://openalex.org/W2111961236","https://openalex.org/W2126271496","https://openalex.org/W2143607738","https://openalex.org/W2146799928","https://openalex.org/W2151248557","https://openalex.org/W2153482597","https://openalex.org/W2156531019","https://openalex.org/W2170841223","https://openalex.org/W2418439295","https://openalex.org/W2461889403","https://openalex.org/W2515822248","https://openalex.org/W2555874658","https://openalex.org/W2560867685","https://openalex.org/W2573093891","https://openalex.org/W2587142359","https://openalex.org/W2737606207","https://openalex.org/W2765193906","https://openalex.org/W2790715140","https://openalex.org/W2888834993","https://openalex.org/W2909693411","https://openalex.org/W4249792515","https://openalex.org/W4252986580","https://openalex.org/W4255251057","https://openalex.org/W6601843599","https://openalex.org/W6607740096","https://openalex.org/W6617703429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2005801347","https://openalex.org/W2373557848","https://openalex.org/W2088970451","https://openalex.org/W2002488624","https://openalex.org/W2157008402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,74],"important":[2],"component":[3],"in":[4],"transportation":[5],"maps,":[6],"three-dimensional":[7],"(3D)":[8],"structure":[9,61],"information":[10,62],"of":[11,33,56,68,80,105,115,173,181,198],"grade-separated":[12,57,81],"junctions":[13,58,82],"is":[14,50,71,89,186],"crucial":[15],"for":[16],"applications":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"intelligent":[20],"driving,":[21],"route":[22],"planning":[23],"and":[24,94,113,117,137,155,210],"traffic":[25],"control.":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"to":[29,40,53,72,76,157,188],"acquire":[30],"spatial":[31],"layouts":[32],"road":[34],"junctions,":[35],"researchers":[36],"have":[37],"developed":[38],"algorithms":[39],"extract":[41],"planar":[42],"structures":[43,79],"from":[44,83,208],"various":[45],"data":[46,95,130],"sources.":[47],"However,":[48],"it":[49],"less":[51],"common":[52],"refine":[54],"maps":[55],"with":[59,102],"3D":[60,78,143],"using":[63,128],"tracking":[64],"data.":[65],"The":[66,86,111,179],"objective":[67],"this":[69],"study":[70],"find":[73],"approach":[75],"extracting":[77],"vehicle":[84],"trajectories.":[85],"proposed":[87,166,200],"method":[88,147,167,201],"based":[90],"on":[91,134,150],"semantic":[92,135,174],"segmentation":[93,136,175],"fusion.":[96],"Trajectories":[97],"were":[98,120],"divided":[99],"into":[100],"sections":[101,119],"different":[103,126],"trends":[104],"elevation":[106,192],"by":[107,122],"detecting":[108],"change":[109],"points.":[110],"ranges":[112],"elevations":[114],"slopes":[116],"level":[118],"derived":[121],"seeking":[123],"consensus":[124],"among":[125,194],"trajectories":[127],"a":[129,169],"fusion":[131],"technique.":[132],"Based":[133],"aggregated":[138],"elevations,":[139],"we":[140],"reconstructed":[141],"detailed":[142],"junction":[144],"structures.":[145],"This":[146],"was":[148,202],"validated":[149],"multiple":[151],"crowdsourced":[152,205],"trajectory":[153,206],"datasets":[154,207],"compared":[156],"cluster":[158],"center":[159],"linking":[160],"method.":[161,178],"Experiments":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"the":[165,196,199],"had":[168],"higher":[170],"overall":[171],"accuracy":[172,180],"than":[176],"baseline":[177],"vertical":[182],"relationship":[183],"at":[184],"intersections":[185],"comparable":[187],"baseline.":[189],"Despite":[190],"large":[191],"discrepancy":[193],"trajectories,":[195],"performance":[197],"similar":[203],"across":[204],"open":[209],"commercial":[211],"projects.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
