{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126789558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","title":"On the Security of Networked Control Systems in Smart Vehicle and Its Adaptive Cruise Control","display_name":"On the Security of Networked Control Systems in Smart Vehicle and Its Adaptive Cruise Control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126789558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","mag":"3126789558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037218363","display_name":"Faezeh Farivar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-3161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faezeh Farivar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015231772","display_name":"Mohammad Sayad Haghighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-837X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sayad Haghighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045461052","display_name":"Alireza Jolfaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Jolfaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076576641","display_name":"Sheng Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-666X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037218363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210","https://openalex.org/I4210146419"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7736,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95590987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"3824","last_page":"3831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.7323075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.583096444606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5252337455749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4578411281108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3897320628166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35843464732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3304188847541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20434701442718506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.7323075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.583096444606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5252337455749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4578411281108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3897320628166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35843464732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3304188847541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20434701442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3053406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8441526237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CS1398-4-199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323645","funder_display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323645","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1217034487","https://openalex.org/W1488135427","https://openalex.org/W1965113125","https://openalex.org/W1978594584","https://openalex.org/W1987380082","https://openalex.org/W2017179140","https://openalex.org/W2021098815","https://openalex.org/W2037470097","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2051054517","https://openalex.org/W2107043025","https://openalex.org/W2112004167","https://openalex.org/W2112833251","https://openalex.org/W2150113962","https://openalex.org/W2155589794","https://openalex.org/W2259959024","https://openalex.org/W2296099510","https://openalex.org/W2414564754","https://openalex.org/W2529094992","https://openalex.org/W2535431598","https://openalex.org/W2581560412","https://openalex.org/W2792818654","https://openalex.org/W2903668936","https://openalex.org/W2910915255","https://openalex.org/W2953695248","https://openalex.org/W2954753728","https://openalex.org/W2969661752","https://openalex.org/W2980385389","https://openalex.org/W2991575294","https://openalex.org/W3017052932","https://openalex.org/W3045162101","https://openalex.org/W4292069080","https://openalex.org/W6776289418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285388621","https://openalex.org/W2771706547","https://openalex.org/W1983059685","https://openalex.org/W1607043069","https://openalex.org/W2108009824","https://openalex.org/W2775416783","https://openalex.org/W1983391308","https://openalex.org/W4295767435","https://openalex.org/W2959018463","https://openalex.org/W2042872819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,54,67,75,92,133,143,154,180,186,198,203,211,228,238,241],"benefits":[2],"of":[3,5,17,119,121,135,145,156,188,240],"Internet":[4],"Vehicles":[6],"(IoV)":[7],"paradigm,":[8],"come":[9],"along":[10],"unprecedented":[11],"security":[12,134],"challenges.":[13],"Among":[14],"many":[15],"applications":[16],"inter-connected":[18],"systems,":[19],"vehicular":[20],"networks":[21,37],"and":[22,61,69,78,159,165,170,191,207,225],"smart":[23,136],"cars":[24],"are":[25,28,51,79],"examples":[26],"that":[27,184],"already":[29],"rolled":[30],"out.":[31],"Smart":[32],"vehicles":[33],"not":[34],"only":[35],"have":[36],"connecting":[38],"their":[39],"internal":[40,68,98],"components":[41,99],"e.g.":[42,100],"via":[43],"Controller":[44],"Area":[45],"Network":[46],"(CAN)":[47],"bus,":[48],"but":[49],"also":[50],"connected":[52],"to":[53,94,125,168,172,201,236],"outside":[55],"world":[56],"through":[57,74],"road":[58],"side":[59],"units":[60],"other":[62],"vehicles.":[63],"In":[64,128],"some":[65],"cases,":[66],"external":[70],"network":[71,195],"packets":[72],"pass":[73],"same":[76],"hardware":[77],"merely":[80],"isolated":[81],"by":[82],"software":[83],"defined":[84],"rules.":[85],"Any":[86],"misconfiguration":[87],"opens":[88],"a":[89,161,193,245],"window":[90],"for":[91],"hackers":[93],"intrude":[95],"into":[96],"vehicles'":[97,137],"central":[101],"lock":[102],"system,":[103],"Engine":[104],"Control":[105,115],"Unit":[106],"(ECU),":[107],"Anti-lock":[108],"Braking":[109],"System":[110],"(ABS)":[111],"or":[112],"Adaptive":[113],"Cruise":[114],"(ACC)":[116],"system.":[117],"Compromise":[118],"any":[120,215],"these":[122],"can":[123],"lead":[124],"disastrous":[126],"outcomes.":[127],"this":[129],"paper,":[130],"we":[131,177],"study":[132],"adaptive":[138],"cruise":[139,157,189],"control":[140,158],"systems":[141],"in":[142,153,197,224,234,244],"presence":[144],"covert":[146,181],"attacks.":[147,174],"We":[148,230],"define":[149],"two":[150],"covert/stealth":[151],"attacks":[152,183],"context":[155],"propose":[160],"novel":[162],"intrusion":[163],"detection":[164],"compensation":[166],"method":[167],"disclose":[169],"respond":[171],"such":[173],"More":[175],"precisely,":[176],"focus":[178],"on":[179],"cyber":[182],"compromise":[185],"integrity":[187],"controller":[190,222],"employ":[192],"neural":[194],"identifier":[196],"IDS":[199],"engine":[200],"estimate":[202],"system":[204],"output":[205],"dynamically":[206],"compare":[208],"it":[209],"against":[210],"ACC":[212],"output.":[213],"If":[214],"anomaly":[216],"is":[217],"detected,":[218],"an":[219],"embedded":[220],"substitute":[221],"kicks":[223],"takes":[226],"over":[227],"control.":[229],"conducted":[231],"extensive":[232],"experiments":[233],"MATLAB":[235],"evaluate":[237],"effectiveness":[239],"proposed":[242],"scheme":[243],"simulated":[246],"environment.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
